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Atmospheric Pollution

Beschreibung

Quiz am Atmospheric Pollution, erstellt von Eva Dutzlr am 30/06/2016.
Eva Dutzlr
Quiz von Eva Dutzlr, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Eva Dutzlr
Erstellt von Eva Dutzlr vor fast 8 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Which factors contribute to sea Level rise due to climate Change?
Antworten
  • Increased number of floods
  • Rapid melting of artig ice
  • Thermal Expansion and melting of land-bound ice
  • Slow sinking of the continents
  • Enhanced precipitation

Frage 2

Frage
The green house gas effect can be explained by
Antworten
  • Wavelength dependence of absorbtion of Radiation by GHG
  • Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
  • The elliptic path of the earth around the sun
  • Enhanced reflection of Long wave Radiation by GHG
  • Enhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Frage 3

Frage
Because Saturation vapour pressure depends on the Surface on which it occurs
Antworten
  • Lifting of air masses leads to condensation
  • Clouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
  • Small Drops grow at the cost of large drops
  • Mixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog

Frage 4

Frage
Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
Antworten
  • Infiltration and Submersion
  • Ingestion and Inhalation
  • Ingestion and Submersion
  • Inhalation and Submersion
  • Exposition and Ingestion

Frage 5

Frage
Occult Deposition is
Antworten
  • An as yet undiscovered deposition
  • Deposition that is not yet fully understood
  • Deposition by fog, dew, etc.
  • Deposition pollutants attached to aerosols

Frage 6

Frage
For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
Antworten
  • High CFC concentrations an lack of solar radiation
  • High CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
  • High CFC concentration and climate change
  • Temperatures below -­‐80°C and Little air mass exchange

Frage 7

Frage
The double strategy in Austrian air Pollution policy consists of
Antworten
  • Limiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
  • Requiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to Emission reductions
  • Increasing stack heights and Emission standards
  • Limiting Emission according to state-­of-­the­‐art Technology and to stay within air quality

Frage 8

Frage
An end-­of-­pipe measure is e.g.:
Antworten
  • Using more efficient technologies
  • Implementing an Emission trading scheme
  • Filter flue gases
  • Technological improvements in the process
  • Desulfurization of oil

Frage 9

Frage
Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
Antworten
  • 50 t per year
  • 1 t per year
  • 100 t per year
  • Not quantifiable
  • 10 t per year

Frage 10

Frage
Climate Change does not involve:
Antworten
  • Changes in precipitation
  • Frequency of extreme events
  • More intense earthquakes
  • Melting of polar ice
  • Temperature changes

Frage 11

Frage
Which are not typical effects of mountain Valleys or basins?
Antworten
  • Inducing thermally driven circulations
  • Strong Dispersion of pollutants
  • Development of cold air basins due to Drainage flow
  • Inversions
  • Channelling flow

Frage 12

Frage
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Antworten
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
  • Is falling worldwide
  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
  • Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarcitca

Frage 13

Frage
In climate debate tipping Points are understood to describe
Antworten
  • Points at which the planet becomes uninhabitable
  • Points beyond which positiveFeedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by bhumans
  • Points of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
  • Geographical Locations where decisive climate process

Frage 14

Frage
Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone Levels are especially high in bVienna
Antworten
  • On weekdays
  • During traffic peaks
  • On Sundays and holidays
  • On Mondays
  • On Saturdays
  • In the early morning

Frage 15

Frage
What is NOT true of radioactive decay
Antworten
  • Is the only way to deplete Radio nuclei
  • Disappears after 5 half‐life times
  • Depends only on the Radio nuclide
  • Is Independent of external influences
  • Can vary over several orders of magnitude

Frage 16

Frage
Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale Pollution Problem?
Antworten
  • Fine particles (PM)
  • Tropospheric zone
  • Persistent organic compounds (POP)
  • Green house gases
  • Radio active substances

Frage 17

Frage
The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
Antworten
  • The Impact of population, air Pollution and Technology on environmental degradation
  • The Impact of green house gas emissions on climate
  • The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
  • The Impact of world population, affluence and Technology on green house gas emissions
  • The Impact of Lifestyles on environmental Quality and tipping points

Frage 18

Frage
What was the original Definition of smog?
Antworten
  • A combination of smoke and fog
  • High concentrations of photo chemicals
  • Cigarette smoke
  • High ozone concentrations

Frage 19

Frage
Dispersion models typically consist of 3 modules:
Antworten
  • Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
  • Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module and Transport Module
  • Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module

Frage 20

Frage
Trajectories are an important part of which kind of Dispersion models?
Antworten
  • Gaussian models
  • Diffusions models
  • Langrangian models
  • Richardson models
  • Eulerian models

Frage 21

Frage
Near the earths Surface temperature increases with height
Antworten
  • When wind Speed increases with height
  • When wind Speed is low and the Radiation balances at the Surface is negative
  • Because the distance from sun decreases
  • When atmospheric Radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
  • When warm air rises from heated surfaces
  • When an Inversion breaks up

Frage 22

Frage
Chronic damage caused by air Pollution can be prevented by
Antworten
  • Standards expressed in high percentiles
  • Limiting Maximum concentration
  • Short term standards, e.g. hourly means
  • Long term standards, e.g. yearly means

Frage 23

Frage
In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
Antworten
  • only valley wind
  • valley ­and down slope wind
  • valley and up slope wind
  • only down slope wind
  • Mountain and down slope wind

Frage 24

Frage
In order for a Cloud to rain, Cloud droplets must grow
Antworten
  • through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
  • through freezing and melting
  • and reach a size 100 times that a small Cloud droplet
  • through Transpiration and evaporation
  • through compression and density increase
  • through condensation and diffusion

Frage 25

Frage
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Antworten
  • Reflexion
  • Absorption
  • Refraction
  • Diffusion

Frage 26

Frage
Concentrations caused at a specific Point by a continuous Point source vary strongly
Antworten
  • in inversions
  • in unstable layers
  • in neutral layers
  • in stable layers under strong wind conditions
  • in isothermal layers near the ground

Frage 27

Frage
The troposphere
Antworten
  • is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
  • is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
  • is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterized by temperature increase with height
  • consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent Surface layer

Frage 28

Frage
Boundaries of the global ecological System seem to have been exceeded regarding
Antworten
  • climate change, Nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
  • ocean acidification, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
  • climate change, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
  • climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss

Frage 29

Frage
The following is NOT correct regarding albedo:
Antworten
  • Averaged over the whole globe, Albedo is about 5%
  • Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
  • Albedo is reflectivity averaged over all wave lengths
  • Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
  • Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body

Frage 30

Frage
The atmosphere is characterised by
Antworten
  • about 80% nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 1% Argon content
  • about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
  • about 80% Oxygen and 20% hydrogen Content near the surface
  • rapid increase of CO2 and decrease of Oxygen concentrations
  • good mixing of gases up to 120km height

Frage 31

Frage
Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average?
Antworten
  • Continents
  • Arctic
  • Alpine region
  • Oceans

Frage 32

Frage
In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentrations occur?
Antworten
  • 20°
  • 60°
  • 80°
  • 45°

Frage 33

Frage
The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
Antworten
  • Enhance the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
  • Make use of higher wind speeds
  • Reduce Maximum immissions on the ground
  • Delay deposition
  • Distribute pollutants over larger areas

Frage 34

Frage
Global temperature increase over the last 150 years is about
Antworten
  • 0,2°C
  • 1,2°C
  • 0,8°C
  • 0,4°C

Frage 35

Frage
What process is not part of Dispersion of pollutants in air?
Antworten
  • Interception
  • Diffusion
  • Decay
  • Deposition
  • Sedimentation

Frage 36

Frage
Clinical studies to determine concentration Limits for humans help to
Antworten
  • Replace Experiments using animals
  • Study exposures under normal conditions
  • Understand systematic dose-­effect relationshi
  • Study the effects of high exposures

Frage 37

Frage
What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
Antworten
  • The limited amount of Input data and numerical capacity needed
  • A coordinate System that is fixed relative to the earth surface
  • The good representation of Point sources
  • A grid with increasingly smaller dimensions

Frage 38

Frage
What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
Antworten
  • Enhance chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
  • Enhance chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
  • Contribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
  • Destroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming

Frage 39

Frage
Inversions can cause high Immission concentrations near the ground
Antworten
  • When pollutants are emitted below the inversion
  • Because heating is especially intense in these periods
  • When pollutants are emitted into the Inversion through high stacks
  • Because pollutants are pressed downward

Frage 40

Frage
Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
Antworten
  • They are released in great heights
  • They are not easily washed­‐out
  • Their lifetime in the atmosphere is long
  • They are especially light compared to their size

Frage 41

Frage
What data are not relevant for Emission inventories?
Antworten
  • Geographical Position of sources
  • Flue gas temperature
  • Stack height
  • Wind speed
  • Emission rates of different pollutant groups

Frage 42

Frage
What human Impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
Antworten
  • Climate change
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Acidification of the ocean
  • Nitrogen cycle

Frage 43

Frage
Gaussian models for continuous Point sources assume that
Antworten
  • Emissions occur at least 10m above ground
  • Life time of pollutants is limited
  • Wind Speed exceeds 1m/s
  • Pollutant concentration is uniform within the plume

Frage 44

Frage
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Antworten
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
  • Is falling worldwide
  • Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarctica
  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter

Frage 45

Frage
What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the Cancer in human skin?
Antworten
  • UVA
  • UVC
  • Roentgen waves
  • UVB
  • Infra-­red

Frage 46

Frage
Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
Antworten
  • Assumptions on GHG emissions
  • An understanding of radiation
  • Assumptions on the development of the world population
  • Mathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
  • Statistical extrapolations of the climate Change of the past

Frage 47

Frage
Air flow is influenced near buildings
Antworten
  • But the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
  • Up to about 150m behind the building
  • The stronger, the smaller the Building is
  • In the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building

Frage 48

Frage
Which is no Green House Gas (GHG)?
Antworten
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water vapour
  • Methane
  • Ozone

Frage 49

Frage
What Feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
Antworten
  • Increase in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
  • Temperature decrease, more glaciers, higher Albedo
  • Temperature increase, increased evaporation, increased Cloud cover
  • Temperature increase, forest fires, increased albedo

Frage 50

Frage
Deposition reaches generally its highest values
Antworten
  • Chemical transformation
  • Occult deposition
  • Sedimentation
  • Wet deposition

Frage 51

Frage
Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
Antworten
  • 80% reduction in industrialized and unlimited emissions in other nations
  • 50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialized nations
  • Full use of conventional and unconventional reserves
  • About 1t of CO2 per Person and year till 2050 in industrialized nations
  • GHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted

Frage 52

Frage
Which is a secondary pollutant?
Antworten
  • Aerosols
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Nitrogen oxide
  • Ozone

Frage 53

Frage
Expected temperature increase in Austria in the next 20-­‐50 years is about
Antworten
  • 2‐4°
  • 0,5‐1°
  • 4-6°
  • 5-­10°

Frage 54

Frage
Which is NOT a component of the Radiation Balance at the earth’s surface?
Antworten
  • diffuse or sky radiation
  • atmospheric Radiation
  • celestial radiation
  • terrestrial radiation
  • direct solar radiation

Frage 55

Frage
The effective source height
Antworten
  • is defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
  • depends on the emitted pollutants
  • is equal to stack height for hot effluents
  • is near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
  • increases with air temperature

Frage 56

Frage
Climate Change is scientifically proved by
Antworten
  • increase of global mean temperature
  • asdfasdfasdfasdf

Frage 57

Frage
What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?
Antworten
  • a sink, but may become a source
  • dfgdfgdfgdsfg

Frage 58

Frage
What is not part of geo-­‐engineering?
Antworten
  • Substitution of fossil energy sources
  • sdfasdfsdfaas

Frage 59

Frage
Which of the following pollutants are GHGs?
Antworten
  • ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour (sind alle GHGs)
  • fsasadfasdf

Frage 60

Frage
Radiation Balance is clearly negative
Antworten
  • day time, inversion, rainfall?
  • sdfasdf
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