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hw5
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Fragen in diesem Quiz (42)
1A study had participants listen to a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording made it difficult for participants to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier. The results of this study illustrate the importance of _____ in forming long-term memories.
- Aan organizational context during learning
- Bdeep processing during encoding
- Cimplicit memory during learning
- Dimagery during encoding
2One of the key properties of the _____ approach is that a specific concept is represented by activity that is distributed over many units in the network.
- Aspreading activation
- Bsemantic network
- Chierarchical
- Dconnectionist
3The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over again is most likely to;
- Aproduce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce long-term memories.
- Blead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference.
- Clead to effective autobiographical memories.
- Dcause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory.
4Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called;
- Atransfer-appropriate processing.
- Belaborative rehearsal.
- Cepisodic retrieval.
- Dpersonal semantic memory.
5The learning mechanism proposed by Hebb is associated with;
- Achanges in specialized areas of the brain.
- Bboth changes at the synapse, and long-term potentiation
- Clong-term potentiation.
- Dchanges at the synapse.
6According to Levels of Processing theory, deep processing produces better memory. However, studies have shown that shallow processing can result in good memory when the individual encodes _____ and is tested _____.
- Aauditorially : auditorially
- Bauditorially : semanticall
- Csemantically : auditorially
- Dsemantically : visually
7Which of the following is true of the semantic network approach?
- ARepresentations of concepts are created over multiple learning trials.
- BIt is modeled after neural networks in the brain.
- CInfo is store locally.
- DConcepts are represented by patterns of activation in the network.
8Not all the members of everyday categories have the same set of features. Most fish have gills, fins, and scales. Sharks lack scales yet are still categorized as fish. This poses a problem for the _____ approach to categorization.
- Aprototype
- Bdefinitional
- Cexemplar
- Dfamily resemblance
9According to the typicality effect;
- Aitems that are high in prototypicality are judged more rapidly as being in a group.
- Bwe remember typical objects better than non-typical objects.
- Cobjects in a category have a family resemblance to one another.
- Dobjects that are not typical stand out and so are more easily remembered.
10If you were to say “A German Shepherd” is my idea of a typical kind of dog”, you’d be using the _____ approach to categorization.
- Afamily resemblance
- Bdefinintional
- Cexemplar
- Dprototype
11Which of the following is is the best example of a basic level category?
- ATransportation
- Btruck
- Cpickup truck
- DVehicle
12Which of the following members most likely be ranked highest in prototypicality in the “bird” category?
- ASparrow
- BHummingbird
- CPenguin
- DDuck
- ERaven
13Experimental evidence suggesting the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised are data showing that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of _____ memories.
- Arecent and remote semantic
- Bremote semantic
- Crecent and remote episodic
- Drecent episodic
14Mantyla’s “banana/yellow, bunches, edible” experiment demonstrated that for the best memory performance, retrieval cues should be created;
- Aby agreement among many people, to show they are effective.
- Busing visual images.
- Cby a memory expert who knows what will be effective.
- Dby the person whose memory will be tested.
15Based on the behavior of HM who had his hippocampus removed to cure epilepsy, we can conclude that the hippocampus is important in;
- Aprocedural memory.
- Blong-term memory storage.
- Cworking memory
- Dlong-term memory acquisition.
16Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following EXCEPT the;
- Aneurotransmitters
- Bsynapse.
- Cpresynaptic neuron.
- Dpostsynaptic neuron.
17How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories?
- AEach one is sometimes effective, depending on the learning circumstances.
- BElaborative is more effective than maintenance.
- CMaintenance is more effective than elaborative.
- DBoth are equally effective in all learning circumstances
18Learning in a connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network;
- Aconnection weights.
- Bnodes
- Coutput units.
- Dhidden units.
19Collins and Quillian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept of _____ into their network model.
- Acognitive economy
- Bspreading activation
- Cback propagation
- Dtypicality
20When cleaning her closet, Nadia finds a box of 20 year old photos from her wedding. As she sorts through the pictures she can’t help but feel a sense of joy and cries gently. Seeing those photos of her wedding day has activated her;
- Aprefrontal cortex.
- Bamygdala.
- Cthalamus
- Dmedial temporal lobe.
21_____ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted or altered, to a more
permanent state in which they are resistant to this.- AAmnesia.
- BCued-recal
- CConsolidation
- DEncoding specificity
22How is cognitive economy represented in the following example: “The property _____ is stored at the _____
node.”- Acan fly : bird
- Bhas feathers : ostrich
- Ccan fly : canary
- Dbird : penguin
23Recent research on memory, based largely on classical conditioning of a fear response in rats, indicates that;
- Afear conditioning is the most effective kind of conditioning for forming durable memories.
- Bmemories are not susceptible to disruption once consolidation has occurred.
- Cmemory consolidation does not occur when animals are afraid of a stimulus.
- Dwhen a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed.
24The Standard Model of Consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is;
- Astrongly active when memories are first formed and consolidated, but less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.
- Bstrongly active for both new memories as they are being consolidated and memories for events that occurred long agon and are already consolidated.
- Cstrongly active for long-ago memories that are already consolidated but becomes less active when memories are first formed and consolidated.
25_____ is a mental representation used for a variety of cognitive functions, including memory, reasoning, and using and understanding language.
- AA concept
- BAn exemplar
- CA definition
- DA prototype
- EA unit
26Rosch found that participants respond more rapidly in a same-different identification task when presented with “good” examples of colors such as red and green, than when presented with “poor” examples such as fuschia or teal. The result of this experiment was interpreted as supporting the _____ approach to categorization.
- Aparallel processing
- Bexemplar
- Cprototype
- Dnetwork
27The example of a brief episode of retrograde amnesia, such as when a football player is hit particularly hard and can’t recall the last play, reflects;
- AKorsakoff’s Syndrome.
- Bdisrupted long-term potentiation.
- Ca failure of memory consolidation.
- Dtemporary PTSD.
28Which of these statements best describes Levels of Processing theory?
- AEvents that are repeated enough can influence our behavior, even after we have forgotten the original events
- BPeople who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing.
- CDeep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better encoding
- DInfo enters memory by passing through a number of levels, beginning with sensory memory, then short-term memory, then long-term memory
29Which of the following is MOST CLOSELY modeled on the way the nervous system operates?
- AThe prototype approach.
- BSemantic network theory.
- CParallel distributed processing theory.
- Denhancement due to priming.
30_____ is an average representation of the members of a category.
- AAn exemplar
- BA component
- CA unit
- DA prototype
- Ea characteristic
31The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of chairs even though no one category member may have *all* the characteristic properties of chairs is known as;
- Agraded membership.
- Bprototypicality
- Cinstance theory.
- Dfamily resemblance.
32Which of the following examples best demonstrates state-dependent learning?
- AAlexis always has test anxiety; to combat it, she tries to relax when studying. She feels that it’s best to do this in bed, reading by candlelight with soft music playing.
- BLast night at the grocery store, Carlos ran into the psychology professor he took a class from three semesters ago. He recognized her right away.
- CAlthough Emily doesn’t often think about her first boyfriend, she can’t help but have memories of him when “their song” (the first song they danced to) comes on the radio.
- DEven though Walter hasn’t been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child, he still has many fond memories of summers there when he was little.
33Retrograde amnesia is typically less severe for _____ memories.
- Aemotional
- Bepisodic
- Csemantic
- Drecent
- Eremote
34According to Rosch, the _____ level of categories is the “psychologically privileged” level of category reflecting people’s everyday experience.
- APrototypical
- BSuperordinate
- CSubordinate
- DBasic
35The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as;
- ARepetition Priming
- BThe self-generation effect
- Cencoding specificity
- Dmemory consolidation
36According to your text, imagery enhances memory because;
- Aimagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered.
- Bpictures fit better with our sensory functions and are therefore easier to learn.
- Cpeople like pictures better than words, so there is enhancement from an emotional response
- Dthe brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words.
37According to Levels of Processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a list of words?
- ARepeating the words over in your mind
- BGenerating a rhyme for each word to be remembered.
- CMaking a connection between each word and something you’ve previously learned.
- DCounting the number of vowels in each word.
38Jenkins & Russell (1952) presented a list of words such as “chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa” to participants. When tested, they recalled the words in a different order. This happened because of the;
- Aways objects like dishes and shoes are encoded visually.
- Beffect of proactive interference.
- Ctendency of objects in the same category to become organized.
- Dway the phonological loop reorganizes information based on sound characteristics.
39Jeanne loves to dance, and has done ballet for many years. She’s now learning Salsa; although the steps are very different from what she’s familiar with, she’s developed a strategy of linking the new steps she’s learning with her previous experiences in ballet and her own love of dancing. This is a _____ encoding strategy.
- Asemantic memory
- Bmass practice
- Cself-reference
- Dintegrative experience
- Eprocedural memory
40Collins and Quillian’s semantic network model predicts that the reaction time to verify “a canary is a bird” is
_____ the reaction time to verify “an ostrich is a bird”.- Afaster than
- Bslower than
- Cthe same as
41Kim and Laura have been studying most of the evening for their psychology exam the following day. Both are tired of studying; Kim decides to go to bed and get some sleep, while Laura decides to watch a movie. Based on this info, who do you think will do better on their psychology exam the next day?
- AKim does better because of reactivation.
- BKim does better because of encoding specificity.
- CLaura does better because of encoding specificity
- DLaura does better because of reactivation.
42Hebb’s idea of long-term potentiation, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories, includes the idea of;
- Aan increase in the size of the cell bodies of neurons.
- Bincreased transmission efficiency between the neurons.
- Clarger electrical impulses in the synapse.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- cognitive science Quiz on hw5, created by Nikhil Bajaj on 11/29/2016.
- Autor
- Nikhil Bajaj
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 141
- Schlagwörter
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