19.2 American Power Tips the Balance

a famous fighter pilot known as the “American ace of aces” who fought the Flying Circus led by the Red Baron

a senior United States Army officer, most famous as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front in World War I

he was one of the most decorated soldiers of the United States Army in World War, who received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, killing at least 28 German soldiers, and capturing 132 others

They required to all men and women to fight in the War so they were obliged to train for 7 months in case of being called for war

Congress passed the Selective Service Act in 1917: where men were required to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service.

White men - who served in any position required

African Americans - who served in any position required

African Americans - who served in the military in segregated units and were excluded from the navy and the marines.

Women - who served in any position of their choice

Women - who served as nurses, secretaries and telephone operators with full military rank.

was a system used to avoid German U-boat attacks to merchant ships, where a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups

men were required to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service

tank offensive plans made by the Germans to invade Belgium

The government exempted many shipyard workers from the draft and gave others a “deferred” classification. Delaying their participation in the draft

They distributed service flags to families of shipyard workers and urged automobile owners to give shipyard employees rides to and from work , since streetcars were so crowded.

Government used nuclear weapons to bombard Germany to put an end to the U-Boats and the British blockade

Shipyards used fabrication techniques. Standardized parts were built elsewhere and then assembled at the yard (reduced construction time substantially)

Government took over commercial and private ships and converted them to transatlantic war use

enthusiasm, freshness, and determination to beat the Germans

Nervousness and depression

Moral affection

General John J. Pershing

Sergeant Alvin York

The Backstreet boys

The chosen ones

Doughboys

The fighters of liberty

Airplanes

Machine guns

Tanks

Yellow submarines

Strokes

Filth

Lice

Rats

Polluted water → dysentery

Poison gas

Lack of sleep

Bombardments → battle fatigue

Shell shock: emotional collapse from which never recovered

Trench foot

war hero during the fightings in the Meuse-Argonne are by killing 32 Germans and capturing 132 prisoners with only a rifle and a revolver (plus 6 more doughboys)

founder of New York

Leader of the AEF

a person who opposes welfare on moral grounds

A map drawer during WWI

The truce that ended WWI

The British' secret army

The most famous german U-Boat