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Final Exam for Bio 208

Beschreibung

Quiz am Final Exam for Bio 208, erstellt von Sarah Wainer am 02/05/2014.
Sarah Wainer
Quiz von Sarah Wainer, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Sarah Wainer
Erstellt von Sarah Wainer vor etwa 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
How do lipid-soluble molecules (like steriods) generally move thru cell membranes?
Antworten
  • Active transport
  • Co-transport with other lipids
  • Facilitated transport
  • Diffusion
  • None of the above (cannot do that)

Frage 2

Frage
Placing a cell in _____ is most likely to cause a decrease in cell volume?
Antworten
  • a hypotonic bathing solution
  • a hypertonic bathing solution
  • acidic rain water
  • distilled water
  • alkaline (or basic) rain water

Frage 3

Frage
The dominant fiber type in dene connective tissue
Antworten
  • epithelin
  • fibrin
  • collagen
  • fribrillin
  • elastin

Frage 4

Frage
The alveoli of the lungs are made of
Antworten
  • stratified squamous ephithelia
  • columnar epithelia
  • transitional epithelia
  • simple squamous epithelia
  • transitional epithelia

Frage 5

Frage
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
Antworten
  • a basement membrane
  • junctional complexes
  • intercellular glue
  • a fibrous netting
  • reticular fibers

Frage 6

Frage
All of the following are functions of epithelial tissues EXCEPT
Antworten
  • Providing sensation
  • Controlling permeability
  • Producing specialized secretions
  • Providing physical protection
  • Providing connectivity between organs

Frage 7

Frage
The inter-cellular connection involving interlocking membrane proteins are
Antworten
  • Tight junctions
  • Gap junctions
  • Desmosomes
  • Synaptisomes
  • Basement proteins

Frage 8

Frage
Mammary glands are most closely associated with ____ secretion
Antworten
  • Holocrine
  • Apocrine
  • Merocrine
  • Endocrine
  • Acini Tubules

Frage 9

Frage
Adipocytes is most closely associated with
Antworten
  • Endocrine cells
  • Exocrine cells
  • Fat cells
  • Cells of the immune system
  • Stem cells

Frage 10

Frage
When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?
Antworten
  • The blood supply to the skin decreases
  • The blood supply to the skin increases
  • The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases
  • Melanocytes increase the production of red pigments
  • Increased heat causes the skin to turn red

Frage 11

Frage
The reproducing cells of the skin are located in the
Antworten
  • Surface
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum germinativum

Frage 12

Frage
An epidermal layer found only on the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the
Antworten
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum germinativum
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum

Frage 13

Frage
According to your instructor, deadly melanoma is associated with _____
Antworten
  • Artificial sweeteners
  • Artificial food coloring
  • Chronic stress
  • Tanning booths
  • Improper diet

Frage 14

Frage
What are the layers associated with the Dermis?
Antworten
  • Papillary and subcutaneous
  • Subcutaneous and reticular
  • Papillary and reticular
  • Reticular and accessory
  • Accessory and subcutaneous

Frage 15

Frage
Which Epithelial Tissue (E.T.) type is most closely associated with the epidermis?
Antworten
  • Stratified squamous
  • Simple squamous
  • Simple cubical
  • Simple columnar
  • It is connective tissue, not E.T.

Frage 16

Frage
Which three functional components underlie how responses to stimuli work?
Antworten
  • Receptor, effector, motor
  • Motor, control center, feedback
  • Effector, control center, receptor
  • Feedback, effector, receptor
  • Control center, motor, feedback

Frage 17

Frage
From the choices below, identify the smallest functional unit considered "alive"
Antworten
  • An animal
  • A cell
  • A membrane
  • An ion channel
  • an enzyme

Frage 18

Frage
Each of the following are cell types in connective tissue EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Muscle Cells
  • Mast Cells
  • Mesenchymal Cells
  • Microphages
  • Melanocytes

Frage 19

Frage
Two equal volumes (L and R) of water are separated by a screen with 1mm sized pores. A little sugar is added only to Side L. What would you see the next day?
Antworten
  • Side L would have more sugar AND less water than side R
  • Side R would have more sugar AND less water than side L
  • Side L would have less sugar AND less water than side R
  • Both sides would have the same amount of sugar AND water
  • Both side would have the same amount of water, but Side L more sugar

Frage 20

Frage
If a substance has a pH that is less than 7, it is
Antworten
  • Acidic
  • Basic
  • Alkaline
  • Buffered
  • Both B and C are correct

Frage 21

Frage
Which description below best describes all homeostatic processes?
Antworten
  • Baseline values do not deviate over time
  • Negative feedback is essential
  • Positive feedback is essential
  • Baseline values are uncontrolled
  • Homeostasis is not auto regulated

Frage 22

Frage
Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation are functions of which system?
Antworten
  • Skeletal
  • Connective tissue
  • Integumentary
  • Epithelial tissue
  • None of the above

Frage 23

Frage
The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth exemplify
Antworten
  • Receptor activation
  • Effector shutdown
  • Positive feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • None of these

Frage 24

Frage
When body temperature falls, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature. This regulation mechanism is an example of
Antworten
  • Positive feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Non-homeostatic regulation
  • Diagnostic regulation
  • Disease

Frage 25

Frage
Your instructor presented the idea that all physiology is finally (ultimately, at its most basic and rock bottom level) reducible to:
Antworten
  • Histology
  • Cytology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physics

Frage 26

Frage
An unstable isotope that emits subatomic particles spontaneously is called
Antworten
  • A cation or anion
  • An X-ray
  • A gamma ray
  • A radioisotope
  • A death ray

Frage 27

Frage
The most common fat found in the body is in the form of
Antworten
  • Steroids
  • Adenosine monophosphate
  • Adenosine triphosphate
  • Monoglycerides
  • Trigylcerides

Frage 28

Frage
A polysaccharide that is formed in the liver and muscle to store glucose is
Antworten
  • Glycose
  • Glucagon
  • Glycogen
  • Glycocalyx
  • Starch

Frage 29

Frage
Glycolysis and Glucogenolysis are prime and classic examples of
Antworten
  • Anabolism
  • Buffering process
  • Catabolism
  • Dynamic equilibria
  • Exchange reactions

Frage 30

Frage
What pathology is caused by a failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine
Antworten
  • Albinism
  • PKU
  • Marfan's syndrome
  • Galactosemia
  • Psoriasis

Frage 31

Frage
If the amount of sodium ion in blood plasma decreases
Antworten
  • The blood colloidal pressure will increase
  • The blood colloidal pressure will decrease
  • The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same
  • The blood osmotic pressure will decrease
  • The blood osmotic pressure will increase

Frage 32

Frage
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that facilitated diffusion
Antworten
  • Limits the rate of molecular movement by limiting the number of available carrier molecules
  • Moves molecules from area of higher concentration to lower concentration
  • never eliminates the concentration gradient
  • Does not limit the rate of molecular movement by the number of available carrier molecules
  • Expends no ATP

Frage 33

Frage
Which suborganelle is most associated with protein synthesis in a cell?
Antworten
  • Ribosomes
  • SER (A type of endoplasmic reticulum)
  • Lysosomes
  • Golgi Apparatus

Frage 34

Frage
During relaxation, muscles return to their original length NOT because of
Antworten
  • Renshaw inhibition
  • Elastic forces
  • The pull of gravity
  • The contraction of opposing muscles
  • The elastic nature of the sarcolemma

Frage 35

Frage
At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
Antworten
  • Myosin molecules
  • Calcium ions
  • ATP molecules
  • Troponin molecules
  • Tropomyosin molecules

Frage 36

Frage
Tropomyosin wraps (entwines) itself around which other muscle element?
Antworten
  • Myosin
  • F-actin
  • Troponin
  • Titin
  • H-band

Frage 37

Frage
The 'power stroke' in skeletal muscle contraction is directly associated with:
Antworten
  • Myosin head pivots at joint pulling action
  • AP movement down t-tubule
  • Calcium release from SR
  • AP movement along sarcolemma
  • Calcium binding to troponin

Frage 38

Frage
We can distinguish between sensations originating in different body areas because
Antworten
  • Receptors from each body region synapse in specific brain regions
  • Sensory neurons carry only one type of information
  • Incoming sensory information is first assessed by the thalamus
  • Different types of sensory receptors produce different types of APs
  • Sensory neurons in different parts of the body are different from each other.

Frage 39

Frage
Diffusion across the Arachnoid Granulations return excess CSF to
Antworten
  • The third ventricle
  • Arterial circulation
  • Venous circulation
  • The fourth ventricle
  • The central canal

Frage 40

Frage
Soon after a person dies (and loses all ATPs), Their skeletal muscles:
Antworten
  • Flex with significant force
  • Stiffen from actin+myosin binding
  • Extend with significant force
  • Get smaller in volume
  • Get larger in volume

Frage 41

Frage
Each of the following are characteristics of smooth muscles EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Have small diameters and lengths compared with skeletal muscles
  • Have actin and myosin
  • Have autorhythmicity
  • Have striations
  • Little fatigue with prolong contraction

Frage 42

Frage
Which of the following is responsible for reciprocal inhibition?
Antworten
  • Sensory neurons
  • Interneurons in the spinal cord
  • Extensor neurons
  • Motor neurons
  • None of these

Frage 43

Frage
Arrange the following steps involved in a reflex arc into proper sequence a. activation of a sensory neuron b. activation of a motor neuron c. response by an effector d. arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor e. information processing
Antworten
  • D,E,A,B,C
  • A,B,C,E,D
  • D,A,B,C,E
  • E,B,C,D,A

Frage 44

Frage
People perceive different intensities of light when their brains receive different ___
Antworten
  • Action potentials sned to various regions of their brain
  • Shapes of action potentials
  • Sizes of action potentials
  • Wavelengths of light
  • Rate of action potentials

Frage 45

Frage
Part of the brain most closely associated with emotions (e.g. pleasure, hunger) is:
Antworten
  • Cerebrum
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata

Frage 46

Frage
The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the:
Antworten
  • Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
  • Brain stem and sacral areas of the spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
  • Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the entire spinal cord

Frage 47

Frage
Activity of the parasympathetic ANS mainly
Antworten
  • Is directed towards different sets of organs than the sympathetic ANS
  • Is involved in "fight or flight" responses
  • Increases when someone turns into the "hulk"
  • Increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles
  • Increases while calmly digesting dinner

Frage 48

Frage
The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the:
Antworten
  • Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
  • Brain stem and lateral gray horns of the sacral areas of the spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
  • Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the entire spinal cord

Frage 49

Frage
Of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each one monitors a particular ____
Antworten
  • Dermatome
  • Muscle
  • Organ
  • Brain region
  • Sensory modality (Like vision or hearing)

Frage 50

Frage
Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are termed
Antworten
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
  • Osteoblasts
  • Stem Cells
  • Chondrocytes

Frage 51

Frage
Appositional growth in bones is most closely related to growth in:
Antworten
  • Bone length
  • Osteoclasts
  • Epiphyseal conversion
  • Bone diameter
  • Bone turnover

Frage 52

Frage
____ decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Antworten
  • Calcitonin
  • Calcitrol
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Vitamin D
  • Both B and D are correct

Frage 53

Frage
The "shaft" of a long bone is most closely associated with the
Antworten
  • Epiphysis
  • Diaphysis
  • Periosteum
  • Endochondrial
  • Appositional

Frage 54

Frage
Arrange the steps in the generation of an action potential into proper sequence a. sodium channels inactivated b. potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell c. sodium channels regain their normal properties d. graded depolarization brings area of excitable membrane to threshold e. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs f. sodium channel activation occurs g. sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs
Antworten
  • d,f,g,a,b,c,e
  • a,b,e,c,d,f,g
  • b,d,e,f,g,a,c
  • d,a,g,e,f,b,c
  • d,e,a,c,b,f,g

Frage 55

Frage
During saltatory conduction, (APs=Action potentials)
Antworten
  • APs move in all directions along an axon
  • Local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that APs continue to form along the membrane
  • APs produce a local current that is strong enough to spread along the length of the axon
  • Local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions
  • APs occur between successive nodes along the length of stimulated axon

Frage 56

Frage
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with a loss of myelin. MS may then involve:
Antworten
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal
  • Renshaw neurons

Frage 57

Frage
The later part of the rising (depolarizing) phase of the action potential is mediated by a(n) ____ ion membrane channel
Antworten
  • Ligand-gated
  • Voltage-gated
  • Leak
  • Active pump
  • Facilitated diffusion

Frage 58

Frage
Which of the following is TRUE of a graded potential?
Antworten
  • The potential is propagated with a constant magnitude
  • The potential is all-or-none
  • Stimulus causes ion channels to open changing membrane permeability
  • No summation of potentials occurs
  • The potential has a refractory period

Frage 59

Frage
Opening of Na+ channels in the membrane of a neuron normally results in
Antworten
  • Hyperpolarization
  • Repolarization
  • Depolarization
  • Increased negative charge inside neuron
  • None of these

Frage 60

Frage
A resting (trans)membrane potential of a cell has a value of approximately
Antworten
  • -9V
  • +9V
  • 0mV
  • +70mV
  • -70mV

Frage 61

Frage
What prevents the action potential from traveling in both directions down an axon?
Antworten
  • The resting potential
  • Ligand-gated channels
  • Graded potentials
  • The refractory period
  • Leak channels

Frage 62

Frage
A person whose genetic makeup or training makes them a better SPRINTER than a marathon runner has ___ in their leg muscles
Antworten
  • More red muscle fibers
  • More white muscles fibers
  • More noncontractile fibers
  • Equal amounts of red and white m. fibers
  • Less myoglobin than hemoglobin

Frage 63

Frage
The smooth but steady increase in muscle tension (sub maximally) produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called:
Antworten
  • Recruitment
  • Tetany
  • A twitch
  • Relaxation
  • Recovery

Frage 64

Frage
____ is involved in BOTH synaptic transmission and excitation-contraction coupling?
Antworten
  • Mysoin
  • Chloride
  • Calcium
  • Tropomyosin
  • T-tubules

Frage 65

Frage
Which striated muscle band is directly adjacent to the Z-line (or Z-disk)?
Antworten
  • A-band
  • H-band
  • T-band
  • M-band
  • I-band

Frage 66

Frage
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the
Antworten
  • Cerebrum
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla

Frage 67

Frage
Cardiac output is equal to:
Antworten
  • difference between diastolic volume and systolic volume
  • product of heart rate and stroke volume
  • difference between stroke volume and rest and during exercise
  • stroke volume minus systolic volume
  • product of heart rate and BP

Frage 68

Frage
According to Frank Starling's heart law, cardiac output is directly related to
Antworten
  • the size of the ventricle
  • heart rate
  • venous return
  • thickness of myocardium
  • amount of blood in circulatory system

Frage 69

Frage
Red blood cell production is regulated primarily by the hormone
Antworten
  • Thymosin
  • Angiotensin
  • Erythropoietin (EPO)
  • ACTH
  • LH

Frage 70

Frage
The part of the cardiac cycle associated with relaxation of the ventricles and filling of the atria is:
Antworten
  • ventricular diastole
  • Ventricular systole
  • early ventricular diastole
  • late ventricular diastole
  • atrium systole

Frage 71

Frage
An example of a hormone that functions as a vasoconstritor is:
Antworten
  • histamine
  • prostoglandin
  • bradykinin
  • serotonin
  • adrenaline

Frage 72

Frage
Which change will NOT result in increased blood flow to a tissue?
Antworten
  • increased blood volume
  • decreased vessel diameter
  • increased blood pressure
  • decreased peripheral resistance
  • relaxation of precapillary sphincters

Frage 73

Frage
Which of the responses below is NOT true of Kwashiorkor Edema?
Antworten
  • involves a blockage of lymphatic ducts
  • involves a lowering or plasma protein
  • involves an increase of interstitial volume
  • involves poor nutrition
  • involves alterations in osmotic pressure

Frage 74

Frage
Excess secretion of growth hormone AFTER puberty will cause
Antworten
  • dwarfism
  • cancer
  • gigantism
  • acromegaly
  • diabetes

Frage 75

Frage
STEROIDS ARE KNOWN TO BE RELEASE INTO THE BLOODSTREAM FROM THE
Antworten
  • hypothalamus
  • anterior pituitary
  • posterior pituitary
  • pancreas
  • adrenal cortex

Frage 76

Frage
The hormone that is antagonist of calcitonin is
Antworten
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • growth hormone
  • parathyroid hormone
  • Thyroxin (T4)

Frage 77

Frage
Excessive immune responses to antigens are
Antworten
  • immunodeficiency disease
  • characteristic of AIDS
  • common in the elderly
  • characteristics of HIV infection
  • allergies

Frage 78

Frage
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for which of the following changes that occur during inflammation?
Antworten
  • redness of the inflamed tissue
  • swelling of the inflamed tissue
  • heat of the inflamed tissue
  • the localization of proteins and cells necessary for body defense
  • all of the above

Frage 79

Frage
Blood osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in the
Antworten
  • concentration of plasmas sodium ions
  • concentration of plasma waste glucose
  • concentration of plasma waste products
  • concentration of plasma proteins
  • number of white blood cells

Frage 80

Frage
In response to hemorrhage, there is a
Antworten
  • mobilization of the venous reserve
  • increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
  • decreased sympathetic stimulation
  • decreased vasomotor tone and increased parasympathetic stimulation of heart
  • decreased vasomotor tone and decreased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Frage 81

Frage
Edema would be likely to form
Antworten
  • the concentration of protein in the blood increases
  • hemorrhage occurs
  • the heart insufficient pressure pumping
  • blood hydrostatic pressure in the capillary decreases outward flow of fluid
  • blood hydrostatic pressure in capillary is less than blood osmotic pressure

Frage 82

Frage
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are
Antworten
  • Natural killer cells
  • plasma cells
  • helper T cells
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • supressor T cells

Frage 83

Frage
The body's largest lymphatic tissue is the:
Antworten
  • thyroid
  • thymus
  • thalamus
  • pancreas
  • spleen

Frage 84

Frage
With a patient being thin, nervous, with protruding eye (balls), you are thinking that
Antworten
  • they suffer from Graves disease
  • they suffer from myxedema
  • they suffer from cretinism
  • they suffer from acromegaly
  • they suffer from hyroencephaly

Frage 85

Frage
Depolarization in the cochlear hair cell will occur if the sterocilia moves (bends)
Antworten
  • up towards the tectoral membrane
  • down towards the basilar membrane
  • sideways towards the taller sterocilia
  • sideways towards the shorter sterocilia
  • back and forth sideways (both C and D)

Frage 86

Frage
Different pitches (frequencies) of sounds are discriminated in cochlea through
Antworten
  • stimulating/vibrating different types/classes of sterocilia
  • stimulating/vibrating different classes of hair cells
  • stimulating/vibrating different types/ classes of ion channels
  • stimulating/vibrating different auditory canals or membranes
  • stimulating/vibrating different patches of the basilar membrane

Frage 87

Frage
The round-ish lens shape in the most closely associated with focusing on a
Antworten
  • bright object
  • dim object
  • close object
  • distant object
  • both B and D are correct

Frage 88

Frage
A drifting blood clot is called an
Antworten
  • embolus
  • thrombus
  • plaque
  • coagulant
  • platelet plug

Frage 89

Frage
The left and right pulmonary veins carry blood to the
Antworten
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
  • lungs

Frage 90

Frage
The heart sound is heard when
Antworten
  • the semilunar valves open
  • the atria contract
  • valves open
  • valves close
  • blood enter the aorta

Frage 91

Frage
Aged and broken down erythrocytes are broken down by the ____
Antworten
  • spleen
  • yellow bone marrow
  • kidneys
  • digestive tract
  • thymus gland

Frage 92

Frage
The heart valve occurring between the LA and LV is called the ____ valve
Antworten
  • aortic (semilunar)
  • pulmonary semilunar
  • triscuspid
  • aortic tricuspid
  • mitral (bicuspid)

Frage 93

Frage
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as
Antworten
  • non insulin dependent
  • type I
  • type II
  • type III
  • diabetes insipidus

Frage 94

Frage
The sclera is most closely associated with the
Antworten
  • retina
  • pupil
  • iris
  • white-ish part of the eyeball
  • lens ligaments

Frage 95

Frage
Anemia is most closely associated with
Antworten
  • high levels of oxygen in tissues
  • hematocrit value of less than 40
  • low levels of carbon dioxide in tissues
  • hematocrit value of more than 40
  • hematocrit value of more than 50

Frage 96

Frage
The Pitiarty hormeon that mots specifically promotes egg development in ovaries and sper developmetn in testes is
Antworten
  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • FSH
  • prolactin
  • GH (or HGH) (or HGHRH)

Frage 97

Frage
In human photoreceptors, to what does "dark current" refer?
Antworten
  • The movement of sodium ion INTO photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of sodium ions OUT OF photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of cGMP INTO photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of cGMP OUT OF photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of

Frage 98

Frage
The structure that separates the cholera duct from the tympanic duct is the
Antworten
  • Tectorial membrane
  • basilar membrane
  • vestiblar duct
  • organ of Corti
  • tympanic membrane

Frage 99

Frage
An inability for the body to clot (prevent flow out of) blood is most closely associated with
Antworten
  • thalassemia
  • hemophilia
  • diapedesis
  • hemostasemia
  • leukemia
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