Quiz 1 Study Guide: Marine Biology: Introduction and History

Marine plants produce about _____ of the oxygen we breathe.

The study of oceans is called oceanography.

The four main branches of oceanography are:

Name 3 pieces of evidence which tie humans to the sea from 110,000 — 165,000 years ago:

In the Pacific, the [blank_start]Pacific Islanders[blank_end] showed a vast knowledge of seafaring skills, using [blank_start]stick[blank_end] maps and [blank_start]dual[blank_end] - hulled sailing vessels.

The first Western marine navigators were the [blank_start]Phoenicians[blank_end], sailing around the [blank_start]Mediterranean[blank_end] by about [blank_start]2000[blank_end] B.C.

During the Dark Ages, the knowledge of geography and science in Europe was:

Scandinavian adventurers known as [blank_start]Vikings[blank_end] continued to explore and loot, despite the Dark Ages, and are credited with discovering Iceland, Greenland, and [blank_start]Vinland[blank_end].

Name the 4 contributions the Chinese made to seafaring skills:

Alexander the Great is sometimes referred to as "the first marine biologist"

Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau invented self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, the acronym of which is SCUBA.

In 1960, the bathyscaphe [blank_start]Trieste[blank_end] reaches [blank_start]Challenger[blank_end] Deep in the Marianas [blank_start]Trench[blank_end] at 35,800 feet.

[blank_start]Robert[blank_end] Ballard is responsible for finding the [blank_start]Titanic[blank_end] in 1985.

The deepest human dive is held by Dr Sylvia Earle who dove in the Jack Suit.

The first completely scientific oceanographic expedition was undertaken by [blank_start]Charles[blank_end] Thompson on the [blank_start]Challenger[blank_end] Expedition on the ship [blank_start]HMS[blank_end] Challenger in 1872.

The first major American marine lab was located in ______________ _______________, Massachusetts.