Flashcards
AQA Biology 8.1 structure of DNA
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1DNA is made up of three basic components. when these combine, what does this form?A nucleotide.
- 2what three components is a nucleotide made up of?-A sugar called deoxyribose,
-A phosphate group
-An organic base - 3What two groups can the organic base belong to?a) Single ring bases - Cytosine and Thymine (C and T)
b) Double ring bases - Adenine and Guanine (A and G) - 4How do the deoxyribose, phosphate and organic base combine?By a condensation reaction
- 5What is the name given to: a) A single nucleotide? b) Two nucleotides? c)Three or more nucleotides?a) A mononucleotide
b) A dinucleotide
c) A polynucleotide - 6How do the mononucleotides join together between which components?by a condensation reaction between the deoxyribose of one mononucleotide and the phosphate group of the other mono, di or polynucleotide.
- 7What is DNA made up of in terms of nucleotides?two long strands of nucleotides
- 8how are the two strands of nucleotides joined together?By hydrogen bonds formed between certain bases
- 9what is the difference between a C & G base pair and an A & T base pair?A & T pair by two hydrogen bonds where as C & G have three hydrogen bonds.
- 10what is the word used to describe the pairings between the base pairs?complementary.
- 11the number of A is the same as the number of T, and the same with C and G but what does differ between the pairs?the ratio, there could be more A & T than there are C & G pairs
- 12what describes the overall structure of DNA?double helix
- 13how many bases are there in one complete turn of the double helix structure?ten base pairs
- 14what are four ways in how the DNA molecule is adapted to its function?-very stable and can pass through generations without change
-two strands joined by hydrogen bonds so they can separate for DNA replication and protein synthesis
-very large so can carry lots of genetic info
-base pairs within the helical cylinder of the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone the genetic info if to an extent protected from corruption by outside chemical and physical forces. - 15what does A, T, C and G stand for?G = guanine (double ring)
A = adenine (double ring)
T = thymine (single ring)
C = cytosine (single ring)