Karteikarten
Alpha Blockers- pharmacology 2
Karten in diesem Stapel (42)
- 1What are α-adrenergic blocking agents primary purpose?inhibition of peripheral α-adrenergic receptors
- 2What type of inhibition does long-acting phenoxybenzamine cause?noncompetitive inhibition
- 3Noncompetitive inhibition is not immediate but the inhibition will outlast the presence if the drug because?The receptors are permanently inactivated by the drug so the action is irreversible
- 4How does the cell regain function once an irreversible drug inactivates its receptorssynthesis of new receptors which takes time
- 5Which α adrenergic blocking agent does not exhibit competitive inhibition? How is competitive differ from noncompetitive inhibition?phenoxybenzamine; its onset is faster and its reversible
- 6How do you overcome competitive inhibitor?increasing agonist
- 7How do α adrenergic blockers decrease blood pressure?by blocking α receptors from vasoconstriction which decrease peripheral vascular resistance
- 8What is the main cause of a α-adrenergic blocking agentstoo much loss of α receptor
- 9What is a nasal side effect of α-blockersnasal congestion due to vasodilation
- 10what is a problem for men with α-blockers side effects?difficulty with ejaculation --> BPH
- 11What is a problem with the heart for α blockersReflex tachycardia after initial decrease in BP and reflexive increase in CO
- 12What is a side of effect of α blocker that are bad for patients with CHF?Extracellular fluid retention causing edema due to vasodilation
- 13What is an orthostatic symptom of α-blockershypotensive symptoms due to a drop in BP (vasodilation)
- 14What type of receptors does α-blocker phenoxybenzamine block? Relative time?Both α1 & α2, long-acting (irreversible)
- 15Why is phenoxybenzamine used in pheochromocytoma pt's preoperatively?to prevent severe catecholamine-induced hypertensive episodes
- 16How can α-blockers help non-operable pheochromocytomalong-term treatment of hypertension
- 17Why is phenoxybenzamine better at treating HTN in pheochromocytoma? (2)-massive release of catecholamine cannot overcome its irreversible block
- Its better than selective blockers because it also blocks extrasynaptic α2 receptors (which are the first to be activated by circulating NE and E levels) - 18What is a side effect linked to the non-selectivity of phenoxybenzamine?inhibits nonadrenergic receptors (his, serotonin, Ach)
- 19What are side effects of phenoxybenzamine linked with its ability to enter CNS?Miosis, sedation, drowsiness, vomiting and lethargy
- 20What is a big systematic side effect linked to phenoxybenzamine?shock and circulatory failure
- 21How does phentolamine differ from phenoxybenzamine? And how is it similar?different= faster onset and shorter acting (few hours), reversible (competitive inhibitor)
Same- blocks both α1 and α2 - 22What is the phentolamine test used to diagnosis? Positive result?Pheochromocytoma, short-term fall in BP suggests disease is present (only 5 mg is given, which does not cause a dip in normal ppl)
- 23Why would phentolamine be given during pheochromocytoma surgery?surgical removal of the tumor may cause the release of catecholamines so phentolamine will prevent an excessive rise in BP
- 24Phentolamine is used to treat which type of OD? to reverse what symptomsOD of nonspecific α-agonist like NE, to reverse excess vasoconstriction and acute hypertension
- 25Why would phentolamine be given when NE is accidentally given subcutaneously?to limit/ prevent tissue necrosis by vasodilating
- 26Why would phentolamine be given after dental surgery?to reverse soft tissue anesthesia that was given with a vasoconstrictor to accelerate return of normal sensation
- 27What are GI side effects of phentolamine?N/V/D, increased GI motility (bad for ulcers)
- 28What is a side effect related to phentolamine's nonselectivity?stimulate or block nonadrenegic receptors
- 29What is a Prazosin selective for?α1 adrenergic blocking agents
- 30α1 blocker prazosin is useful in the treatment of? Paired with?Long term mild to moderate hypertension; usually paired with a diuretic to offset fluid retention
- 31What can α1 blocker prazosin do to bladder? what disease?Relaxes smooth muscle of bladder neck and prostatic urethra to relieve obstructive urinary symptoms of BPH
- 32What minor circulating disease can Prazosin help?Raynaud's (vasoconstriction of fingers )
- 33What has Prazosin been shown to help in Iraqi veterans?Nightmares from PTSD, by inhibition of central α, adrenergic receptors
- 34A side effect of Prazosin can be orthostatic hypotension, what is the first dose phenomenon? When is it recommended to take?First dose phenomenon is a severe hypotensive reaction to first dose, should be taken before bed
- 35What is included in treatment to prevent salt and water retention?Diuretic
- 36Why do selective α1 blockers have reflex tachycardia?They don't inhibit α2 negative feedback so there is an increase in HR due to more NE being released
- 37What is the difference between Doxazosin/ Terazosin vs Prazosin if they are all α1 blockers? What are they better at doing?Doxasin/ Terazosin have longer half lives so they are better with long term control of chronic HTN and BPH due to smoother control needing less doses
- 38What subtype of α receptors do Tamsulosin and Silodosin block? Where can they be found?α1a ("subtype A") in smooth muscle of bladder neck and prostate
- 39Since Tamsulosin and Silodosin specifically target subtype A they are used to treat? They may have fewer side effects of?BPH; less systematic side effects like lowering BP and syncope
- 40What side effects are still associated with Tamsulosin and SilodosinAbnormal ejaculation due to inhbition of α receptors in Vas deferens
- 41α1 blocker Alfuzosin is used to treat BPH specifically but does not target a subtype, why is it selective?Exhibits uroselectivity because of its accumulation in prostatic tissue
- 42—
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- Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Karteikarten am Alpha Blockers- pharmacology 2, erstellt von Gelöschter Nutzer am 21/10/2017.
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- Erstellt von Jen Orellana · 21 Okt 2017
- Kopiert von Jen Orellana · 21 Okt 2017
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