Karteikarten
American Government Exam 2
Karten in diesem Stapel (81)
- 1Grassroots Protest-when people protest for their beliefs
- 2Astroturf Protest-people are paid to protest
-it's fake like "astroturf" - 3Reapportionment-the population shifts so the seats of the House of Representatives are redistributed
- 4Redistricting-to divide anew into districts, as for administrative or electoral purposes
- 5Gerrymandering-manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.
- 6Filibuster-a tactic used to delay or prevent action on a bill by extending the debate on it
- 7Incumbent--those who currently hold political office
- - 8Incombent Advantage-the electoral edge enjoyed by members of Congress running for reelection, which derives from their legislative experience, communication with constituents, and resources from previous campaigns and campaign networks
- 9Logrolling-exchanging political favors, such as votes, to achieve mutually beneficial legislative outcomes
- 10Omnibus Bill-A draft law before a legislature which contains more than one substantive matter, or several minor matters which have been combined into one bill, ostensibly for the sake of convenience
- 11Pork-Barreling-patronage
-when politicians or governments "unofficially" undertake projects that benefit a group of citizens in return for that group's support or campaign donations - 12Unified Government-the situation occurring when the same party controls the Senate, the House of Representatives, and the White House
- 13Divided Government- the situation occurring when one party controls the White House and another party controls the House, the Senate, or both
- 14Majority Party-left wing
-democratic party
-a political party that holds substantial influence in a country's politics, standing in contrast to a minor party - 15Minority Party-right wing
-republican party
-sub to major party - 16Standing Committee-a permanent committee of the House or the Senate that reviews and reports legislation to the full chamber
- 17Conference Committee- a temporary committee composed of members from both the House and the Senate responsible for working out the differences between chamber versions of a bill
- 18Primary Election-nominating election
-win the party's nomination - 19General Election-election in which all voters make the final choice from among the party nominees and the independent candidates for a specific office
- 20Mid-Term Election-general election
-occurs two years into the term of a president
-held every two years
- some members of the US Senate, all members of the House of Representatives, and many state and local positions are voted on - 21Delegate Representation-form of representation whereby the people decide on the legislation to be passed and the representative simply puts the bill together and votes for it
- 22Trustee Representation-representatives should be allowed to use their own judgment when deciding upon how they will vote on particular legislation
-regardless of what majority thinks - 23Polarization-a sharp division, as of a population or group, into opposing factions
- 24Executive Privilege-The right of the president of the United States to withhold information from Congress or the courts.
- 25Executive Order-a "grant of executive power" given in Article II of the Constitution
-legislative body is not required to approve any executive order, nor can it overturn an order - 26Veto-the president refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law
-when the president returns the legislation to the house in which it originated
-veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House - 27Veto Override-veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House
- 28State of the Union- address presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress (annually)
-reports on the condition of the nation but also allows presidents to outline their legislative agenda - 29Cabinet-composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments
- 30Senatorial Courtesy-a tacit agreement among senators not to vote for any presidential nominee who is opposed by the senators from the nominee’s home state
- 31Rhetorical Presidency-presidents regularly appeal over the heads of Congress to the people at large to generate support for public policies
- 32Original Jurisdiction-the power to hear a case for the first time
-The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction - 33Appellate Jurisdiction-the power to review cases originally heard in a lower court
-The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction - 34Amicus Curiae-a type of brief filed by a "friend of the court" or someone who is not directly involved in the case at hand
-Interest groups often file this type of brief to provide information to the Court to assist in its decision-making process - 35Certiorari-a request from a high court to a lower court for records of a case to be sent for review
- 36Concurring Opinion-an opinion that agrees with the conclusion, but not the reasoning, of the majority opinion of the Court
- 37Stare Decisis-the principle of deferring to precedent (A case or issue decided by a court that can be used to help answer future legal questions)
- 38Precedent-A case or issue decided by a court that can be used to help answer future legal questions
- 39Dissenting Opinion-an opinion that disagrees with the conclusion of the majority opinion of the Court
- 40Judicial Activism-a judicial philosophy that calls for judges to protect the jurisdiction and interests of the Court in a government of separated powers and to invalidate federal and state law when necessary
-contemporary POV of Constit. - 41Judicial Restraint-a judicial philosophy that calls for judges to respect the roles of the other branches of federal and state government, to refrain from invalidating federal and state law whenever possible, and to respect stare decisis
-limit POV to liberal or original text - 42Speaker of the House? and Leader of Majority Party?-Rep. John Boehner
- 43Majority Leader?-Rep. Kevin McCarthy
- 44Democratic Leader?-Rep. Nancy Pelosi
- 45Majority Whip?-Rep. Steny Hoyer
- 46Democratic Whip?-Rep. Steny Hoyer
- 47Which branch of government has the power to declare war?-CONGRESS!
- 48What is the job of a party-whip?-whipper-in was the person who whipped all the hunting hounds into a pack, pointed them in the right direction to chase the fox and ensured that the pack did not stray
-ensure members vote correctly and attend - 49oversight function of congressional committeesprevents waste and fraud; protects civil liberties and individual rights; ensures executive compliance with the law; gathers information for making laws and educating the public; and evaluates executive performance
- 50What is the minimum age for serving in the House of Representatives?25
- 51Which of the following states has only one "at-large" member in the House of Representatives?Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska
- 52Which portion of the Constitution gives Congress the power to make laws?-necessary and proper clause
or
-elastic clause - 53Which of the following members of Congress would represent the greatest number of constituents?A senator from California
- 54What are the term lengths for the members of each house of Congress?six years for senators and two years for representatives
- 55Which of the following powers is unique to the House?origination of revenue bills
- 56When did Congress pass a bill to limit its size?1929
- 57Which of the following provides the basis for proportional representation in our national legislature?the decennial census
- 58The deliberate manipulation of district lines for electoral advantage is known as what?gerrymandering
- 59How did the state of California attempt to overcome the problem of incumbent gerrymandering?California voters passed an initiative in 2008 to establish an independent redistricting commission composed of citizens rather than state legislators
- 60Which state gained the most seats in the House as a result of congressional reapportionment following the 2010 census?2010 census resulted in Texas netting four more seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
- 61The term "apportionment" refers to the dividing of seats in which legislative body or bodies?-refers to the dividing of seats in the House of Representatives among the several states.
- 62What is the name of the method used to reapportion seats in Congress after each census?method of equal proportions
- 63About how many constituents did each member of the House of Representatives represent in 1790?34,000
- 64What is one of the key tasks in congressional redistricting?-to make sure that each district in a state has virtually the same number of people in it
- 65From your vantage point as a mapmaker in this redistricting game, what stages of review must be successfully completed before a map is accepted and district lines implemented?-review by the state legislature, the governor, AND the courts
- 66Which party controls the most states?Republicans. They control 21 states
- 67Which of the following states lost congressional seats as a result of the 2010 Census?Ohio. lost 2 seats
- 68Which state has the highest number of people per representative?-Montana
- 69How many bills are generally introduced in each Congress?thousands
- 70Which of the following is the first to see a bill after it is proposed?Clerk of the House
- 71]At which point is a bill sent to the Senate for approval?when it has been passed by the full House following debate and amendment
- 72Which of the following is unique to the Senate bill review process?potential for filibuster
- 73What term is used to describe a situation in which the president does not sign a bill before Congress adjourns?POCKET VETO
- 74Where do we find the roots of political parties?in the debate between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists
- 75Which of the following is true of parties and committees?They impede Congress' ability to function productively and efficiently.
- 76Federalist #10 main point- in favor of the Constitution is the fact that it establishes a government capable of controlling the violence and damage caused by factions
- 77Factionsgroups of people who gather together to protect and promote their special economic interests and political opinions
- 78Federalist #10: How to control factions1. to remove its causes and to control its effects
2. destroy liberty or give every citizen the same opinions, passions, and interests - 79What is an iron triangle?comprises the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy, and interest groups
- 80What is the revolving door?movement of personnel between roles as legislators and regulators and the industries affected by the legislation and regulation
- 81When does the Vice president voteif the senate ties
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- Karteikarten am American Government Exam 2, erstellt von megan.feret am 28/10/2014.
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