Karteikarten
Pragmatics 101
Karten in diesem Stapel (13)
- 1What is a direct speech act? What an indirect one?Semantic meaning = pragmatic meaning
=> direct speech act
semantic meaning =/= pragmatic meaning
=> indirect speech act - 2What is illocution?The speaker's intention in making an utterance. What the utterance counts as doing; the function of purpose of the world.
- 3What us locution?The utterance itself with its pragmatic structure and it's literal meaning.
- 4What is violating?The speaker does not want to be cooperative (lies; is ambiguous).
The speaker does not expect the listener to be able to draw (correct) implicatures. - 5What is flouting?The speaker does not mean what they say but try to be cooperative. The speaker expects the listener to know this.
-> conversational implicature - 6Maxims of the coocooperative principleMaxim of quantity: say neither more nor less than required
Maxim of quality: do not lie; do not make unsupported claims
Maxim of relation: be relevant
Maxim of manner: be brief and orderly; avoids ambiguity and obscurity
-> listener expects that the speaker follows the CP - 7What is polite?Showing awareness of the other's face
- 8What is impolite?The wish to violate the other's face
- 9What us face?The wish to be approved by others; to be connected by a common ground with others.
Not to be imposed on by others -> face-threatening acts
Positive face vs negative face - 10What is deixis?Words & phrases that cannot be fully understood without additional context.
Semantic meaning is fixed but denotational meaning varies. - 11Leech's politeness strategy1. Tact maxim
2. Generosity maxim
3. Approbation maxim
4. Modesty maxim
5. Agreement maxim
6. Sympathy maxim - 12Felicity conditions1. Preparatory
2. Sincerity
3. Prositional content
4. Essential - 13Searle's five macro-classes1. Representatives
2. Directives
3. Commissives
4. Declarations
5. Expressives