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OCR AS CHEMISTRY A DEFINITIONS
Karten in diesem Stapel (44)
- 1IsotopeAtoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
- 2Atomic NumberThe number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- 3Mass NumberThe total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- 4IonA positively or negatively charged atom or covalently bonded group of atoms.
- 5Relative Isotopic MassThe mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
- 6Relative Atomic MassThe weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
- 7Relative Molecular MassThe weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
- 8Amount of SubstanceThe quantity whose unit is the mole.
- 9Avagadro's ConstantThe number of atoms per mole of the Carbon-12 isotope. (6.022x10^23)
- 10A MoleThe amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the Carbon-12 isotope.
- 11Molar MassThe mass per mole of a substance.
- 12Empirical FormulaThe simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
- 13MoleculeA small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
- 14Molecular FormulaThe actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
- 15ConcentrationThe amount of solute, in mol, dissolved per 1dm^3 of solution.
- 16Standard SolutionA solution of known concentration.
- 17SpeciesAny type of particle that takes part in a chemical reaction.
- 18StoichiometryThe molar relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction, basically mole ratio.
- 19AcidA proton donor
- 20BaseA proton acceptor
- 21AlkaliA type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH-.
- 22SaltAny chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion.
- 23CationA positively charged ion.
- 24AnionA negatively charged ion.
- 25HydratedA crystalline compound containing water molecules.
- 26AnhydrousA substance that contains no water molecules.
- 27Water of CrystalisationWater molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound.
- 28Oxidation NumberA measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element.
- 29OxidationA loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number.
- 30ReductionA gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number.
- 31Reducing AgentA reagent that reduces (adds electrons to) another species.
- 32Oxidising AgentA reagent that oxidises (takes electrons from) another species.
- 33First Ionisation EnergyThe energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
- 34Electron ShieldingThe repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. It reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer shell.
- 35Successive Ionisation EnergiesA measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn.
- 36ShellA group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n.
- 37Principal Quantum Number, nA number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, which increases with distance from the nucleus. (2n^2)
- 38Atomic OrbitalA region within an atom that can hold up two electrons with opposite spins.
- 39Sub-shellA group of the same type of atomic orbitals (s, p, d or f) within a shell.
- 40Electron ConfigurationThe arrangement of electrons in an atom.
- 41CompoundA substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio, usually shown by a chemical formula.
- 42Ionic BondThe electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- 43Giant Ionic LatticeA 3D structure of oppositely charged ions held together by strong ionic bonds.
- 44GroupA vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer shell electrons.
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