38384812
Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Malachy Moran-Tun, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Malachy Moran-Tun
vor mehr als ein Jahr
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What Activity is Often Tracked Online? | > Search terms > Visited websites through cookies > Purchased items and much more |
| What is the Problem with Online Activity Tracking? | > General privacy concerns, i.e., corporations have massive amounts of data for each individual > Advertisers often use this data to show extremely targeted advertisements > Then is a lack of regulations about tracking data; many companies do so without permission (thank God for the EU) |
| What is Censorship? | > Generally, the control or suppression of what can be accessed, viewed, or published, usually by a government or organisation > Many governments use this to limit what their citizens can access online |
| What are the Advantages of Censorship? | > Can be used to block illegal content |
| What are the Disadvantages of Censorship? | > Some governments censor political websites that oppose their own regime > Some governments censor communications to other countries > Basically anything that limits freedom |
| What are some Positive Cultural Impacts of Modern Technology? | > Social interaction is much easier, e.g., through social networks > Tools such as computerised imaging, modelling diseases, and artificial intelligence has revolutionised the health industry > Online learning platforms provide access to courses, often for free > Government services can be applied for online, making it easier for those who need it, and cheaper for the government > Work is no longer limited to one location (as evidently shown during COVID) |
| What are some Negative Cultural Impacts of Modern Technology? | > Social media allows for the spread of fake, or exaggerated information extremely quickly > Users of social media often receive an idealised view of others > Cyberbullying and trolling on social media is common, but is difficult to effectively police > Work-life balance can be thrown off if work is not limited to office hours; this can lead to poor mental health and wellbeing > The overuse of technology can have particularly bad impacts on one's health, e.g., addiction, repetitive strain injury, eye strain, neck and back problems > Technology is expensive, and therefore poorer areas suffer a divide in many areas, e.g., education |
| What is E-Waste? | > Discarded electronic devices. yup it's that simple |
| Why is E-Waste so Common? | > Technology is hard to repair, often because of manufacturers themselves (up the right to repair movement), making it easier to replace a product > Technology is often manufactured to have short life-spans, making people replace their device every 12-18 months (thanks Apple! and capitalism) |
| What is the Problem with Disposing E-Waste? | > Often includes toxic chemicals > Strict rules about the disposal of e-waste, imposed by the WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) > These rules are often bypassed by sending e-waste to poorer countries with fewer regulations, causing problems for their food and/or water |
| Why are Data Centres Bad for Energy Consumption? | > Servers need to be powered, but also the hardware needs to be cooled, which takes up massive amounts of energy > In 2011, it was calculated that data centres take up 2% of America's total power consumption |
| How can Data Centres' Energy Consumption be Reduced? | > Using hot and cold aisles to ensure that the server's outtake does not blow into another's intake > Virtualisation can reduce the amount of physical servers by splitting one piece of hardware into multiple virtual servers, which reduces redundant servers |
| What is the Problem with Natural Resource Mining for Technology? | > Electronic devices often contain a lot of rare materials, which only occur in small quantities > Mining for said resources is usually done in countries with less / no human rights > Crude oil is used for plastics, which has many detrimental environmental impacts, e.g., spillages |
| What are some Positive Environmental Impacts due to Technology? | > Online communication reduces the need for travel, reducing pollution, particularly from cars, trains, and planes > Modelling allows for scientists to monitor and predict the effects of climate change > Models and simulations have been used to test and improve the efficiency of various devices, e.g., car engines > Automation allows for exact amounts of resources to be used, e.g., in central heating > Advent of digital documents allows for paperless communication, reducing documentation |
| How should the Layout of Content on the Internet be Considered? | > Majority of webpages are displayed with important information on the top left of the page > Many languages read right-to-left, instead of left-to-right, so alternative layouts should be made available |
| How should Colours (in websites and branding) on the Internet be Considered? | > Colours have different connotations around the world > For example, red in Western cultures usually indicates a warning, but in China, it signifies good luck > Blue is often seen as the safest colour, which is why so many brands use blue |
| How should Character Sets on the Internet be Considered? | > Wherever possible, use Unicode, which uses 32-bits per character, allowing for up to 4 billion characters > Standards like ASCII can only account for Latin characters, with ASCII Extended only including support for some accents |
| What is Artificial Intelligence? | > Code that allows for computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence |
| What is Machine Learning? | > Process where AI improves its performance through experience / access to data > It is a subset of AI |
| What are the Positives of Artificial Intelligence? | > Humans do not have to perform dangerous tasks > Humans do not have to perform menial tasks > New jobs will exist (e.g., programming more advanced AI), creating a more skilled workforce > Future predictions for AI are pretty cool if you ask me |
| What are the Negatives of Artificial Intelligence? | > People can easily lose their jobs to artificial intelligence, as it saves businesses money > AI developed through machine learning can have data bias, which disadvantages people for no reason |
| How can Data Bias be Removed from Machine Learning? | > Thoroughly test the data being used before feeding it to the AI > Datasets must be suitably broad > Datasets must be a suitable size - too large and it is difficult to filter through manually, too small and there is not enough range > Use a large and diverse programmer base to ensure there is no unconscious bias introduced |
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