Karteikarten
The learner
Karten in diesem Stapel (10)
- 1Second Language Acquisition Theories (Theorien zum Zweitspracherwerb)-Behaviorism
(Lado)
-Innatism
(Chomsky)
-Interactionism
(Long)
-Five Hypotheses
(Krashen) - 2Behaviorism (Lado)Learning or acquiring takes place through habit formation. Learners receive linguistic input from other speakers, positive reinforcement for their correct imitations (and negative reinforcement for mistakes). Error are regarded as first language habits interfering with second language features.
- 3-Innatism (Chomsky)If we did learn by behaviorism,why would children say things they have never heard before? Children are born with a special built-inability to learn language,the Language Acquisition Device(LAD),containing the main rules for all possible human languages(UniversalGrammar:UG).
- 4Interactionism (Long)Acquisition happens through the interaction of the learners with their linguistic environment.When they interact with native speakers,modified input is necessary: comprehension checks(“Do you understand?”), clarification requests(Could you say that again?”),repetition, paraphrase.
- 5Five Hypotheses (Krashen)1.Acquisition vs learning hypothesis
2.Monitor hypothesis
3.Natural order hypothesis
4.Input hypothesis
5.Affective filter hypothesis - 61. Are there any characteristics/factors that make one learner more successful than another? which are these?-> intelligence, motivation, discipline, creativity, enthusiasm, emotions, social skills, pre-knowledge, social background, also
- 7Factors relating to language learning successBiographical:
-sex/gender
-age
-social and ethnic background
-bilingualism/multilingualism
Cognitive:
-Learning strategies
-Language aptitude
-Learning style / learner type
-Creativity
Affective:
-personality
-beliefs/attitudes
-motivation
-anxiety - 8Age-related characteristics of EFL learnersyounger:
-brain plasticity
-not analytical
-fewer inhibitions (usually)
-weaker group identity
-simplified input more likely
older:
-learning capacity
-analytic ability
-pragmatic skills
-greater knowledge of L1
-real-world knowledge - 9Critical period hypothesis (CPH):•
Hypothesis: Children are superior to adults in that they can learn languages easily up to a certain cut-off point (puberty).
•
Reasoning: Brain plasticity At around puberty the two spheres of the brain begin to harden.
•
Myth: The younger the child, the more skilled in acquiring a second language - 10—
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- Karteikarten am The learner, erstellt von Markus Dübeleisen am 15/01/2023.
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- Markus Dübeleisen
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