Programming terms

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Sequence	Where instructions are executed one after another in series.
Selection	Where the program will execute certain instructions based on conditions.
Example of selection	Selection statements include: IF…THEN…ELSE and CASE...OF to select which commands to execute.
Iteration	Where a program will execute a group of instructions zero or more times based on a condition.
Examples of iteration	FOR loops will execute instructions a specifi c number of times, REPEAT…UNTIL loops one or more times and WHILE…DO loops zero or more times.
Condition	A boolean expression that controls an iteration or selection statement. For example, REPEAT…UNTIL X=10, where X=10 is the condition.
Boolean Expression	An expression that is true or false.
High level programming language	A programming language where programming constructs are written in a way that is close to natural language instead of in mnemonics or machine code.
Assembly Language	Second generation programming language where instructions are in the form of mnemonics.
Mnemonics	Abbreviations representing commands used in assembly language programming. For example, LDA, STO, ADX.
Machine Code	First generation code; binary instructions where some bits are used to defi ne the operation (called the “opcode”) and some bits defi ne the data to be used.
Translator	The piece of systems software used to convert different programming languages into machine code. Three types: assembler, interpreter and compiler.
Interpreter	A translator that converts high level languages into machine code one line at a time, checking syntax, converting to machine code and executing the code.
Compiler	A translator that converts high level languages into machine code. Works through the whole program (source code) checking the syntax, then converting to machine code
Source Code	The original high level program.
Object Code	The executable version of the program after it has been compiled.
Assembler	The translator that converts assembly language programs into machine code.
Identifier	A unique name for an item (variable, constant, program, procedure etc.) within the program.
Constant	A named value within a program that has a specific value. Its value does not change while the program is running.
Variable	An identifier associated with a particular memory location, used to store data. Its value may change as the program is run and new values are assigned to it.
Data Type	A formal description of the type of data being stored in a variable. It defi nes the amount of memory required and the type of operations that can be performed on that variable.
Integer	Data type for whole numbers. Typically uses 2 bytes
Real	Data type for fractional numbers. Typically uses 4 bytes.
Data type for fractional numbers. Typically uses 4 bytes.	Data type for text, zero or more characters. Typically uses 1 byte per character.
Operations	The actions that can be performed on a variable.
Arithmetic Operations	Add, subtract, multiply, divide, integer division (DIV) and modulus (MOD)
Array	A group of data items of the same data type that use a single identifi er. Individual data items are accessed using a subscript.
Syntax	A set of rules that defi nes how program statements must be written in order for the translator to understand them.
Syntax Errors	An error in the format of the program statements such as missing semicolons or keywords spelt incorrectly.
Logic Errors	An error in the algorithm that means the outcome is not as expected, even though the program will run.

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