Karteikarten
PHAR6113 Week 1 Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (27)
- 1Define what is meant by term pharmacokineticsstudy of the time course of drug in body
"what body does to drug" - 2Define the term pharmacodynamicsThe relationship between drug concentration and effect in body
"what drug does to body" - 3True or False: Different isomers of the same drug may produce a different magnitude of response at the same receptor typeTrue
- 4In the Emax pharmacodynamic model, define what Emax isEmax is the maximum effect or response that can be achieved
- 5How does a drug which is a partial agonist at a receptor differ from a drug which is a full agonist?A partial agonist cannot produce a maximal response at the receptor. A full agonist can produce maximum response
- 6What is an antagonist?Drug that binds to receptor and does not activate receptor- can block action of agonist
- 7Define tolerance to a drugEffectiveness of drug decreased with continued use- need more drug present to produce same response
- 8The acronym ADME is used in pharmacokinetics. What does each letter stand for?Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion - 9How does serum differ from plasma?With serum, when we collect the blood, we allow it to clot then centrifuge it. With plasma, the blood sample is placed in tube with heparin and does not clot.
- 10True or False: It is only drug bound to plasma proteins that can pass through biological membranesFalse
- 11True or False: It is only unbound (free) drug that can interact with receptorsTrue
- 12Describe the processes that occur when we swallow a tabletTablet must disintegrate into small fragments
Drug must dissolve before it can be absorbed in gut - 13What is the main organ in the body where metabolism occurs?Liver
- 14True or False: The properties of a drug can influence the rate and extent of absorption from the gut when administered orallyTrue
- 15Which of the following routes of administration do NOT involve an absorption step? Intravenous Intramuscular Oral rectalIntravenous
- 16What do we mean by transdermal drug delivery?Drug is delivered via the skin to the systemic circulation
- 17What is therapeutic drug monitoring involve?Generally, it involves measuring drug concentration in a biological fluid (usually serum or plasma)
- 18Therapeutic drug monitoring relies on good correlation between concentration and effect. What factors may lead to poor correlation between concentration and effect?Chirality (different response from different isomers)
Active metabolites not measured - 19What is meant when a drug has a "Narrow Therapeutic Index"?Only a very small change in drug concentration required to go from minimum effective concentration to toxicity (ratio of minimum concentration for toxicity to minimum effective concentration is very small)
- 20How is a therapeutic range determined?usually by studying plasma drug concentration and effect in a large population of patients and generating a cumulative plot of percent of patients experiencing a therapeutic response plotted versus concentration
- 21True or False: If we measure the plasma drug concentration in a patient and it is above the maximum safe concentration (or maximum tolerated concentration), the patient will always have signs of toxicityFalse: The therapeutic range is a GUIDE, it is likely that patients above the MTC will experience adverse effects but this is not always the case
- 22When we administer the same dose to a number of patients, what factors will contribute to the variability we see in achieved plasma drug concentrations?variation in absorption
variation in drug distribution
variation in metabolism
disease states
drug interactions - 23What makes a drug a good candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring?good correlation exists between pharmacological response and plasma drug concentration
wide inter subject variation in plasma drug concentration achieved for given dose
drug has narrow therapeutic index
drug's desired pharmacological effects cannot be assessed readily by other simple means - 24List some different assay techniques used in TDMRIA
EMIT
FPIA
HPLC
GC - 25An assay is only as good as the performance of the assay technique. Discuss how selectivity of assay is importantSome assays use antibodies that can cross-react with metabolites of drug or endogenous compounds and the measured concentration may be artificially high due to lack of selectivity
- 26With assay techniques, it is important to have good accuracy and precision. What do we mean by accuracy and precisionAccuracy is how close the measured values are to the true values
Precision is how close the values are to each other when replicate assays of same sample are performed - 27Why is it important that the correct type of blood collection tube is used when the sample is taken from the patient?Some drugs may adsorb to material in certain types of tubes - for example the silicon plug in a serum tube. This will lead to a loss of drug from sample and result being lower than the true value
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- Here are some flashcards to assist you in learning material contained in Week1 of this course
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- jenny schneider
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