Karteikarten
Simple harmonic motion and waves (SL)
Karten in diesem Stapel (31)
- 1Describe examples of oscillations- A mass on a string (bouncing)
- A person bouncing on a trampoline
- Someone walking backwards and forwards
- A swing (swinging)
- Air molecules as soundwave passes by
- The molecules in any solid material - 2Define: DisplacementThe distance of a particle from its undistributed position
- 3Define: AmplitudeThe maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position
- 4Define: FrequencyThe number of waves/oscillations produced per second.
- 5Define: PeriodThe time taken for one complete oscillation of a particle
- 6Define: Phase differenceThe phase difference between two particles along a wave is diffraction of a cycle by which one moves behind the other.
- 7Define: Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)Motion where the acceleration of the particle is proportional to but in the opposite direction to the displacement of the particle.
- 8Describe the interchange between kinetic energy and potential energy during SHMIf a mass is swinging on a pendulum, at the top of the swing it has the most potential energy, but the least KE. At the bottom of the swing the PE has been converted into KE and it has the greatest speed.
- 9State what is meant by dampingIt is the process by which energy is removed from an occilating system. Frequency does not change. The time for each cycle remains the same.
- 10Describe examples of damped oscillations- Child on a swing. Air resistance.
- Soundwave. Absorption of vibrations (surroundings).
- Waterwave. Wind forces and water resistance - 11Define: Light damping, heavier damping, critical dampingLight: Little resistance = little reduction. (spring in air)
Heavier: More resistance =more reduction (spring in water)
Critical: Resistance so great that the whole system returns to its equilibrium position w/o passing through it (spring in honey). - 12State what is meant by natural frequency of vibration and forced oscillationsNatural frequency: The frequency that the system oscillates naturally
Forced oscillations: An oscillation (other than the natural frequency) that is brought about and maintained by the application of a force - 13Define: ResonanceAn increase in amplitude that occurs when an oscillating system is forced to oscillate at its own natural frequency.
- 14Describe examples of resonance where the effect is useful and where it should be avoidedUseful: Violin, microwave ovens, ultrasound
Nuisance: Aircraft shattering windows,bridge collapse, vibrations in cars, - 15Describe a wave pulse and a continuous progressive (travelling) waveA wave pulse involves just one oscillation.
A continuous wave involves a succession of individual oscillations. - 16Does a travelling wave transfer energy?Yes.
Also, there is no net motion of the medium through which the wave travels. - 17Describe and give examples of transverse and of longitudal wavesTransverse: Waterwave, light. Goes up and down (direction of oscillation).
Longitudal: Sound. Goes left to right. - 18Describe waves in two dimensions, including the concepts of wavefronts and of raysWave fronts:These are the movement of the wave pattern, i.e. when the curve is going up, or
going down. The wave fronts highlight the parts of the waves which are moving together.
Rays: highlight general direction of the wave and therefore the direction of the energy transfer. - 19Describe: CrestThe point at a wave with maximum positive displacement
- 20Describe:TroughThe point on a wave with maximum negative displacement
- 21Describe:CompressionThe region where particles are closer together than they would be in equilibrium.
- 22Describe: RarefactionWhen particles are further away than they would be in equilibrium.
- 23Define: Wave speedThe distance travelled by the wave profile per unit time.
- 24Define: intensityEnergy of a wave, more intense sound=loud, more intense light=brighter.
- 25Electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)Gamma rays: 10^-15m
X-rays: 10^-15m
Ultraviolet radiation: 10^-9m
Visible radiation (light): 10^-7m
Infrared radiation: 10^-5m
Microwaves: 10^-2m
Radiowaves:10m - 26Describe the reflection and transmission of waves at a boundary between two media (this includes sketching of incident, reflected and transmitted waves)Reflection: In this case the law of reflection applies incident angle = reflected angle when
measured from the normal ( an imaginary line at right angles to the surface).
Refraction: In this case the wave is refracted towards the normal entering a slower medium and
away from the normal entering faster medium. - 27State Snell's lawWhen light passes through different materials (for example from air to glass) the ratio of sines of the incidence (incoming) angle and the refraction (outgoing) angle does not change
- 28Define: DiffractionDiffraction is when the wave spreads out after passing through a narrow opening
- 29Describe examples of diffractionWater waves entering a harbor opening and spreading out.
You can hear the TV from upstairs in your room if it is loud enough. - 30The principle of superpositionWhen two or more waves meet the total displacement at any point is the sum of the displacements that each individual wave would cause at that point.
- 31What is meant by constructive and destructive interference?Constructive: where the resultant wave is bigger than either of the two original.
Destructive: The sum of two waves can be less than either wave, alone, and can even be zero (not in phase)
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- Karteikarten am Simple harmonic motion and waves (SL), erstellt von p_krantz am 10/03/2014.
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- p_krantz
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