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| Frage | Antworten |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that determines their characteristics. |
| What is nucleotides? And how many parts does it have? | DNA has the same structure in all organisms in that it is made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleotide molecules have three parts: 1. phosphate group 2. deoxyribose sugar 3. one of four nitrogen-rich bases. |
| What is a double helix? | the shape of a double helix is like that of a twisted rope ladder. |
| Nitrogen rich base: adenine(A), thymine(T), guanine(G) and cytosine(C): | all have different chemical structures and shapes that complement each other. this means that they can only pair up in one way. |
| adenine(A) | Nitrogen-rich base; forms pair with thymine (T) |
| thymine (T) | Nitrogen-rich base; forms pair with adenine (A) |
| guanine (G) | nitrogen-rich base; forms pair with cytosine (C) |
| Chromosomes | Chromosomes are long, thin, thread-like structures found in the nuclei of all cells in the human body that contain a nucleus. |
| chromosome number | in your body cells, there are 46 chromosomes, half of which came from your father and half from your mother. |
| sex chromosomes | 'X' and 'Y' Chromosome those who determine wether you are male or females: in females, the sex chromosomes are a pair of x chromosomes (XX) in males, the sex chromosomes are one X and one Y chromosome (XY) |
| Homologous chromosomes: | -are the same length -have a structure called centromere in the same position. -have genes for particular characteristics at the same location along their length. |
| What is gene? | Genes are sections of DNA arranged along the chromosomes. the number of genes on a chromosome ranges from around 200 to 2000. |
| differences between genes and the next: | -the order of bases along the DNA stand -number of bases in that section of DNA |
| the order of the bases along the DNA stand | is the genetic code. each genes codes )(contains instructions) for a specific protein. |
| what kinds of protein are | -structural, such as collagen -enzymes, such as amylase -regulatory, such as growth hormone |
| The unique characteristics of organisms: | different versions of genes are found in different organisms. for example: dogs and snakes both have a gene for the keratin protein, but the gene is little different. |
| Watson-Crick model | the double helix structure of the DNA molecule |
| what does centromere means? | the point on a chromosome where two chromatids are joined together. |
| what does dogs and snakes? | dogs and snakes both have |
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