Karteikarten
Pharmacology - Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (28)
- 1PharmacokineticsThe process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolised and eliminated by the body
- 2PharmacodynamicsThe interactions of a drug and the receptors responsible for its action in the body
- 3The Life Cycle of a DrugConsists of 4 stages: Absorption, distribution, degradation and excretion
- 4Water-soluble substanceAn ionised (charged) particle that crosses through pores in capillaries, but not in cell membranes
- 5Lipid-soluble substanceA non-ionised substance that can cross pores, cell membranes and the blood-brain-barrier
- 6Dissociation constant (pKa)Indicates the pH where 50% of the drug is ionised and 50% is non-ionised, and affects a drugs solubility, permeability, binding and other characteristics
- 7BioavailabilityThe fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the bloodstream
- 8Depot Site/Silent ReceptorWhen drugs bind to cells that are not receptors e.g. fat, muscle, organs, bones etc.
- 9Plasma half-lifeThe time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to drop to 50% of initial level
- 10Whole body half-lifeThe time it takes to eliminate half of the body content of a drug
- 111st Order KineticsA constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time
- 12Zero Order KineticsRate of elimination is constant and independent of drug concentration
- 13Therapeutic IndexThe ratio between the dosage of a drug that causes a lethal effect and the dosage of a drug that causes a therapeutic effect
- This measures the relative safety of a drug
- TI = LD50/ED50 - 14Effective Dose (ED50)Dose at which 50% of the population shows a response
- 15Lethal DoseDose at which 50% of the population dies
- 16PotencyThe amount of a dose of a drug required to produce an effect of given intensity
- 17EfficacyThe maximum response achievable from an administered dose
- 18Tolerance (Desensitization)The loss of responsiveness to a given dose with repeated constant exposure
- 19SensitizationAn increase in responsiveness to a given dose with repeated exposure
- 20Cumulative EffectsWhen repeated administration of a drug produces effects that are more pronounced than those produced by the first dose
- 21Additive EffectsWhen the effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately
- 22Synergistic EffectsWhen the effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their effects taken separately
- 23Antagonistic EffectsWhen the effects of two chemicals taken together is less than the sum of their effects taken separately
- 24AgonistsFacilitate receptor responses
- 25AntagonistsInhibit receptor responses
- 26Up-regulationAn increase in sensitivity at the cellular level due to an increase in the number of receptors due to an increase in stimulation
- 27Down-regulationA decrease in sensitivity at the cellular level due to an decrease in the number of receptors due to an decrease in stimulation
- 28Law of Mass ActionWhen a drug combines with a receptor, it does so at a rate which is dependent on the concentration of the drug and of the receptor