BMR Estimates and equations:

Men
❌ kcal/min or ❌ kcal/kg/day
(10 x wt) + (6.25 x ht) - (5 x age) ❌

Women
❌ kcal/min or ❌ kcal/kg/day
(10 x wt) + (6.25 x ht) - (5 x age) ❌

❌ - energy needed while body is in complete digestive, physical and emotional rest.

❌ - The rate of energy use for metabolism under specified conditions, after a 12hr-fast and restful sleep, without any physical activity or emotional excitement, and in a comfortable setting. (kcal/kg/hour)

❌ - a measure of energy use for a person at rest in a comfortable setting, but with less stringent criteria for recent food intake and physical activity. It is easier to determine, but slightly higher than the one above.

Factors that Affect BMR:

Raises BMR:
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌

Lowers BMR:
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌

Estimate Energy Requirements (EER)

Convert lbs to kg, divide by ❌
Convert inches to meters, divide by ❌

PA = ❌

Men - 19 and older
EER = [662 - (❌)] + PA x [(❌) + (❌)]
PA:
Sedentary - ❌
Low Active - ❌
Active - ❌
Very Active - ❌

Women - 19 and older
EER = [354 - (❌)] + PA x [(❌) + (❌)]
PA:
Sedentary - 1.0
Low Active - ❌
Active - ❌
Very Active - ❌

❌ - manlike obesity, upper-body fat

❌ - womanlike obesity, lower-body fat

Common Methods used to Assess Body Fat:
❌ - use a caliper to gauge thickness of skin fold from specific parts of body and compare it to standards
❌ - take difference of land weight and weight under water
❌ - measures body fat with low-intensity electrical current, leaner people have less resistance to current
❌ (❌) - person sits in a chamber while sensors determine amount of air displaced by the person's body
❌ (❌) - uses 2 low-dose-x-rays that differentiate among lean body mass, fat tissue, and bone tissue providing a precise measurement of total fat and its distribution, except not effective for extremely obese people
❌ - measures central obesity by placing a nonstretchable measuring tape around the waist just above the bony crest of the hip

1. ❌ - Physiological response triggered primarily by the hypothalamus

2. ❌ - Feeling of fullness occurring after a meal, Determines how much time passes between meals

3. ❌ - Feeling of fullness occurring during a meal, Determines how much food is consumed during a meal

1. ❌ is the generation of heat. Can determine energy expenditure.

2. Two-thirds of energy expended is through ❌ to keep the body functioning, e.g., breathing.

3. The answer above is the rate at which the body expends ❌ to keep the body functioning.

The 3 Main Components of Energy Expenditure by the Body:

❌ — activities to keep the body functioning. Varies based on weight, lean tissue, age.

❌ — voluntary muscle movement. This is the most variable and readily influenced component. Weight, lean muscle, and the type of activity impact the amount of energy needed.

❌ — the amount of energy needed to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize food. Accounts for ~10 percent of energy intake. Varies based on meal frequency, size, and macronutrient composition.

Basal Metabolism: ❌

Physical Activities: ❌

Thermic Effect of Food: ❌

BMI's for US adults

❌ >40
❌ 30-39.9
❌ 25-29.9
❌ 18.5-24.9
❌ <18.5

1. ❌ - Central obesity, significantly contributes to heart disease, and diabetes

2. ❌ - Fat around the hips and thighs, Associated with lower risk of heart disease

3. A waist circumference of > ❌ inches for men, and > ❌ inches for women is an indicator of fat distribution and central obesity.

1. ❌ is defined as the absence or cessation of ❌, and often results in increased bone loss and stress fractures.

2. ❌ ❌ is the more comprehensive term used by some researchers instead of “female athlete triad."

3. Lack of ❌ (including ❌) from unhealthy eating behaviors can increase risk of ❌ and stress fractures. Inadequate body fat stores and hormone levels cannot support normal menstruation.

4. ❌ is a psychological disorder marked by a negative body image and an obsessive desire to have a muscular physique.

5. ❌ is an eating disorder that involves an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. Unlike other eating disorders, it mostly revolves around food quality — not quantity People with this disorder are generally not focused on losing weight