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In aerobic respiration, where is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex located in Eukaryotes?
Cytosol of the cell
Outer membrane of mitochondria
Inner membrane of mitochondria
Intermembrane space of mitochondria
Matrix of mitochondria
What activates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
Glucagon in adipocytes and liver
protein kinase
acetyl CoA
dephosphorylation
phosphorylation
What coenzymes are necessary for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, coenzme A-SH, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate
thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, lipoic acid
pyruvate decarboxylase, NAD+, FAD, TPP, lipoic acid
PDH, NAD+, FAD, TPP, lipoic acid
pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
From what FOUR vitamins are the coenzymes of the PDH complex derived?
Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B1
Thiamine, Vitamin B1, Riboflavin, Vitamin B2
Niacin, Riboflavin, Vitamin C, lipoic acid
Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5
Vitamin B12, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, thiamine
In the TCA, which enzymes catalyze forward reactions producing NADH?
Citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinyl CoA synthetase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Aconitase, Fumarase, Syccinyl CoA synthetase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Carbon dioxide is released in two reactions of the TCA. Which two substrates are produced as a result of the decarboxylation reaction?
Citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate
Succinyl CoA, Succinate
Citrate, Fumarate
Isocitrate, L-Malate
alpha-ketoglutarate, Succinyl CoA
Which enzymes of the TCA are regulated?
ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, fumarase, aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase
succinate thiokinase, citrate synthase, fumarase, aconitase
Citrate dehydrogenase, isocitrate synthase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase
citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase
Which enzymes are regulated by Ca2+, ATP and NADH?
Citrate synthase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase
Citrate synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase
Citrate synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Citrate synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase
What enzymes in the TCA are regulated by other substrates?
What enzymes of the TCA are regulated by ADP?
List a cause, symptom and metabolic effect, respectively, of Werneke-Korsakoff syndrome.
riboflavin deficiency, wet beri-beri, increased ATP
riboflavin deficiency, ataxia (lack of voluntary muscle control), decreased pyruvate
thiamine deficiency, cerebral hemorrhage, uncoupled ETC
thiamine deficiency, memory loss, and lactic acidosis
niacin deficiency, heart failure, increase NADH
What is the mechanism of arsenic poisoning?
Inhibits dihydrolipoyl transacetylase by binding to lipoic acid.
Inhibits dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase by binding to FAD.
Inhibits ketoglurate dehydrogenase by binding to alpha-ketoglutarate.
Inhibits PDH by binding to TPP.
Inhibits pyruvate decarboxylase by binding to pyruvate.
What enzyme is inhibited by fluorocitrate?
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
aconitase
succinate dehydrogenase
fumarase
malonate dehydrogenase
What vitamin deficiencies result in malfunctions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?
Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B12
Niacin, vitamin B3, thiamine, vitamin B1, lipoic acid
NAD+, FAD, lipoic acid, coenzyme A, thiamine pyrophosphate
niacin, riboflavin, nicotinamide, malonate, vitamin B12
niacin, riboflavin, thamine, pantothenate, lipoic acid