Which 5 of the following reproductive factors that influence breast cancer risk?
age at menarche
age at menopause
parity
gender of first child
breastfeeding
age at first childbirth
The link between cancer and hormones may explain differences in risk for some of the most commonly diagnosed female cancers. True or False?
True
False
Which 2 of the following can increase the risk of (hormone-related) cancers?
Oral contraceptives
Mood Swings
Neuroleptic Medication
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or hormone mimics may lead to health problems including cancer. They may be found in
Pesticides
Monosodiumglutimates
Alcohol
Central tolerance: B Cells are matured in the...
Bone Marrow
Calcified Bone
Cartilage
Periosteum
Central Tolerance: T Cells are matured in the
Thyroid
Thymus
Thylakoids
Double Negative T-Cells → Large Double Positive Cells → Small Double Positive Cells →
3 outcomes for a small double positive cell...
9.8% are recognised as having a high affinity for self antigen and so apoptosis is triggered
Small Single Positive CD4+ T-helper cells are selected for
98% are recognised as having a high affinity for self antigen and so apoptosis is triggered
Small Single Positive CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells are selected for
They may remain Small Double Positive Cells
Anergy as a result of inaccessible or low concentrations of self-antigen during peripheral tolerance defines which of the following:
Ignescent
Ignorance
Ignitrons
Central Tolerance occurs in
The thymus and bone graft
The thyroid and bone marrow
The thymus and bone marrow
The thyroid and bone graft
Which 5 of the following features best describe growth regulation in neoplastic (v normal cells)?
Anchorage dependence
Density dependent inhibition of growth
Contact inhibition of movement
Adhesiveness
Metastases present
Growth factor dependency
Angiogenesis