Alexandra Bozan
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Unit I: Foundations of Nursing Practice Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice

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Alexandra Bozan
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Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice

Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice

Question 1 of 33

1

When you ask an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day, the nurse says, "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge?

Select one of the following:

  • Instinctitive knowledge

  • Scientific knowledge

  • Authoritative knowledge

  • Traditional knowledge

Explanation

Question 2 of 33

1

Which nursing actions reflect the use of philosophy as a knowledge base when delivering evidence-based care to patients?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A nurse interviews and examines a new patient diagnosed with prehypertension to formulate a care plan.

  • A nurse draws from personal experiences of being a patient to establish a therapeutic relationship with a patient.

  • A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes

  • A nurse uses spiritual training to draw strength when counseling a patient who is in hospice for an inoperable brain tumor.

  • A nurse follows the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.

  • A nursing student studies anatomy and physiology of the body systems to understand the disease states of assigned patients.

Explanation

Question 3 of 33

1

A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice?

Select one of the following:

  • Madeline Leininger

  • Jean Watson

  • Dorothy E. Johnson

  • Betty Newman

Explanation

Question 4 of 33

1

A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A system is a set of individual elements that rarely interact with each other.

  • The whole system is always greater than its parts.

  • Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments.

  • A change in one subsystem will not affect other subsystems.

  • To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback.

  • A closed system allows input from and to the environment.

Explanation

Question 5 of 33

1

A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognize the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important?

Select one of the following:

  • Person

  • Environment

  • Health

  • Nursing

Explanation

Question 6 of 33

1

A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. What is the term for this type of theory affecting change in clinical nursing practice?

Select one of the following:

  • Prescriptive theory

  • Descriptive theory

  • Developmental theory

  • General systems theory

Explanation

Question 7 of 33

1

When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as:

Select one of the following:

  • The subject

  • Variables

  • Data

  • The instrument

Explanation

Question 8 of 33

1

Which type of quantitative research is often conducted to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes?

Select one of the following:

  • Descriptive research

  • Correlational research

  • Quasi-experienced research

  • Experimental research

Explanation

Question 9 of 33

1

Which method of qualitative research was developed by the discipline of anthropology?

Select one of the following:

  • Historical

  • Ethnography

  • Grounded thory

  • Phenomenology

Explanation

Question 10 of 33

1

A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letter P represent?

Select one of the following:

  • Comparison to another similar treatment

  • Clearly defined, focused literature review

  • Specific identification of the desired outcome

  • Explicit descriptions of the population of interest

Explanation

Question 11 of 33

1

A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin break down. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which will be the "O" in the team's PICO question.

Select one of the following:

  • The currently used turning schedule

  • Turning clients more frequently

  • Preventing skin bread down

  • Clients who have experienced a stroke

Explanation

Question 12 of 33

1

Of the following, which best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?

Select one of the following:

  • Theoretic frameworks guide physiologic nursing care.

  • Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge an practice.

  • Theoretic frameworks guide psychosocial nursing care

  • Theoretic frameworks advance the ethical aspects of practice

Explanation

Question 13 of 33

1

When delivering nursing care, which of the following theories assists nurses in prioritizing the care to be implemented?

Select one of the following:

  • Health care systems theory

  • Unitary man theory

  • Maslow's theory

  • Freud's theory

Explanation

Question 14 of 33

1

The nurse researcher would like to gather data on the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?

Select one of the following:

  • A Delphi study

  • Qualitative research

  • Quantitative research

  • Methodologic survey

Explanation

Question 15 of 33

1

What is the best explanation for the way evidence based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?

Select one of the following:

  • Nursing care now incorporates research studies into client care

  • Nurses now have to part in research

  • Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care

  • Nurses now spend time looking up the best way to give nursing care

Explanation

Question 16 of 33

1

One of the primary focuses in nursing research is to do what?

Select one of the following:

  • Quantify outcomes related to patients

  • Generate knowledge to guide practice

  • Determine outcomes for patients

  • Prevent further disease and death

Explanation

Question 17 of 33

1

Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process?

Select one of the following:

  • Qualitative data

  • Nursing process

  • Quantitative data

  • Nursing theory

Explanation

Question 18 of 33

1

Information is collected for analysis in both qualitative and quantitative research. What is the information called?

Select one of the following:

  • Interviews

  • Data

  • Surveys

  • Answers

Explanation

Question 19 of 33

1

What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Nursing is an art

  • Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal oriented process

  • Human are in a constant relationships with stressors in the environment

  • Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment

Explanation

Question 20 of 33

1

How would a student nurse describe a conceptual framework?

Select one of the following:

  • A foundation for nursing skills and care.

  • A group of interrelated objects that follow a pattern

  • An explanation of nursing and nursing practice

  • A set of phenomena and related abstractions

Explanation

Question 21 of 33

1

What is the central theme of Hildegard Peplau's nursing theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment

  • Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal and goal-oriented process

  • Nursing is an art

  • Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment

Explanation

Question 22 of 33

1

Who of the following is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?

Select one of the following:

  • Florence Nightingale

  • Sister Callista Roy

  • Dorothea Orem

  • Lydia Hall

Explanation

Question 23 of 33

1

What is the central theme of Betty Numan's nursing theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment

  • Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal and goal-oriented process

  • Nursing is an art

  • Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment

Explanation

Question 24 of 33

1

Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required less intervention for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?

Select one of the following:

  • Nursing research helps improves ways to promote and maintain health

  • Nursing research explains ongoing medical studies to clients, and asks for participation

  • Nursing research involves client in their care while hospitalized

  • Nursing research draws conclusions about the quality of client care

Explanation

Question 25 of 33

1

Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?

Select one of the following:

  • Lilian Wald

  • Florence Nightingale

  • Dorethea Dix

  • Clara Barton

Explanation

Question 26 of 33

1

For which of the following research activities is a phenomenological research method most appropriate?

Select one of the following:

  • Explaining how the particular characteristics of the Vietnam War affected the roles of nurses

  • Understanding how a new client copes with a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

  • Attempting to understand non-English speaking immigrant's experiences of being hospital clients

  • Describing the health maintenance activities that are practiced by homeless, intravenous drug users

Explanation

Question 27 of 33

1

A male client 79 years of age, who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of the study?

Select one of the following:

  • Going through the informed consent process with the client

  • Giving the client the opportunity to ask questions about the study

  • Meeting with the hospital's institutional review board (IRB)

  • Obtaining the client's signature on a permission document

Explanation

Question 28 of 33

1

Which of the following theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?

Select one of the following:

  • General systems theory

  • Nursing theory

  • Adaptation theory

  • Developmental theory

Explanation

Question 29 of 33

1

The nurse working in research correctly identifies which of the following to be mandatory for the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?

Select one of the following:

  • The client must directly and personally benefit from the research

  • All interventions must benefit all clients

  • Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate

  • Descriptive studies are more ethical than experimental studies

Explanation

Question 30 of 33

1

When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?

Select one of the following:

  • Formulating clinical question

  • Searching the literature

  • Appraising evidence

  • Evaluating practice change

Explanation

Question 31 of 33

1

A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article (and the finds of the research) is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?

Select one of the following:

  • Review of the literature

  • Results

  • Conclusions

  • Abstract

Explanation

Question 32 of 33

1

A nursing researcher is examining the cause and effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?

Select one of the following:

  • Descriptive research

  • Correlational research

  • Experimental research

  • Quasi-experimental research

Explanation

Question 33 of 33

1

Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?

Select one of the following:

  • Select literature relevant to the problem.

  • Determine a source appropriate to collect data

  • Evaluate the number of ways to collect data

  • Obtain a list of possible outcomes

Explanation

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