2853780
Description
Flashcards by Caleb Calcanis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Caleb Calcanis
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Biology | Scientific Study of Life. |
| Evolution | The process of change that has transformed life on earth from the earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today. |
| Emergent Properties | New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. |
| Systems Biology | An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interaction among system's parts. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. |
| Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed organelles. |
| Genes | Discrete units of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). |
| Gene Expression | The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs. |
| Genome | The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences. |
| Domains | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| Natural Selection | A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. |
| Prokaryotes | Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and Archaea) |
| Eukaryotes | Organisms with Eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals). |
| First Level of Biological Organization | Atoms |
| Second Level of Biological Organization | Molecules |
| Third Level of Biological Organization | Cells |
| Fourth Level of Biological Organization | Tissues |
| Fifth Level of Biological Organization | Organs |
| Sixth Level of Biological Organization | Organisms |
| Seventh Level of Biological Organization | Populations |
| Eighth Level of Biological Organization | Communities |
| Ninth Level of Biological Organization | Ecosystems |
| Tenth Level of Biological Organization | Biosphere |
| Eukarya Domain | Kingdom animalia, plantae, fungi, protists |
| Taxonomy | Grouping organisms according to similarity. Scientific Name. |
| Levels of taxonomy | Domain. Kingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Species. |
| Cell | Lowest level that is capable of performing all the activities of life. |
| Robert Hooke | 1665. First to observe cells. (slice of cork.) |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | 1684. First to observe living cells. |
| Mathais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann | 1839. Proposed Cell Theory. |
| Order of the scientific process | Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Test of prediction, Result. |
| Data | Recorded Observations |
| inquiry | a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena. |
| Science | is a way of knowing. An approach to understanding the natural world. |
| inductive reasoning | collecting and analyzing observations can lead to important conclucsions based on a type of logic. |
| Qualitative data | of in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements. |
| Quantitative data | generally expressed as numerical measurements and often organized into tables and graphs. |
| hypothesis | a testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. |
| exerperiment | involves manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it. |
| testable | there must be some oberservation or experiment that could reveal if such an idea is a likely to be true or false. |
| deductive reasoning | a type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise. |
| variables | factors that vary in an experiment |
| controlled experiment | an experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies on in the factor being tested. |
| control group | in a controlled experimental, a set of subjects that lacks the specific factor being tested. should be identical to the experimental group. |
| experiemtnal group | a test of subjects that has the specific factor being tested in a controlled experiment. |
| independent variable | a variable whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiemnt or other test to reveal possible effects on another variable(the dependent). (chosen ahead of time) |
| dependent variable | a variable whose value is measured during an experiment or other test to see whether it is influenced by changes in another variable(independent) (response or result) |
| theory | an explanations that is a broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypoteses, and is supported by a large body of evidence. |
| protist | an informal term applied to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus. Most protists are unicellular, though some are colonial or multicellular. |
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