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| Question | Answer |
| Who was in power when Shakespeare first began writing? | Queen Elizabeth |
| Who was in power when Shakespeare finished writing? | King James |
| What are the four types of plays that Shakespeare wrote? | Histories, Comedies, Tragedies, Romances |
| Which plays are considered Shakespeare's "top four"? | Othello, King Leer, Hamlet, Macbeth |
| What type of play is The Tempest? | A Romance |
| What historical events provided Shakespeare with material for many of his history plays? | The War of the Roses |
| Shakespeare's history plays can be organized into two tetrets (4 parts). How are they ordered chronologically? | Richard the 2nd, Henry 4 (p1), Henry 4 (p2), Henry 5. Henry 6 (p1), Henry 6 (p2), Henry 6 (p3), Richard 3. |
| Where did Shakespeare often write and why? | In public places to save on candles |
| What are Shakespeare's rough drafts called? | Foul Papers |
| What are Shakespeare's final drafts called? | Fair Papers |
| What is the Playhouse Copy? | A master copy of the play that the playhouse will make and use as a prompt book |
| What copy of the script did actors get, and what was special about it? | Actor sides, which only contained their lines/part |
| When was Shakespeare's work first published, and what was this version called? | 1623, the First Folio |
| Who took Shakespeare's work to get it published? | His friends, Heminge and Condell |
| Who sits at the top of the Chain of Being? | God |
| Who sits below God on both the religious and secular sides of the Chain of Being? | The King and the Pope |
| Where do actors sit on the Chain of Being? Why? | Below thieves, above prostitutes. They were believed to steal people's identity. |
| Who is Prospero? | A "magician", the previous Duke of Milan |
| Who is Miranda, and what is so special about her? | Prospero's daughter. She has never seen another man or woman. |
| Who is Ariel? | A fairy on the island who was imprisoned in a tree for 12 years. |
| Who is Caliban? | A beast on the island. Son of Sycorax, tried to rape Miranda. |
| Who is Antonio? | Prospero's brother, who took over ruling Milan. |
| Who is Alonso? | The King of Naples, rival of Prospero. |
| Who is Gonzalo? | Faithful servant of Alonso who put Prospero and Miranda on a boat (with books) which brought them to the island. |
| Who is Sebastian? | Alonso's brother. |
| Who is Ferdinand? | Alonso's son, falls in love with Miranda. |
| Who is Sycorax? | An evil witch on the island who imprisoned Ariel, mother of Caliban. |
| Who are Stephano and Trinculo? | Stephano: drunken butler of the King. Trinculo: drunken jester. |
| Who conspired to usurp Prospero as Duke of Milan? | Antonio along with Alonso. |
| Who conspired to usurp Prospero on the island? | Caliban, with Stephano and Trinculo. |
| Who are the author's of the three essays? | Frye, Cantor, Coby |
| Who said that the Tempest was "mysterious"? | Frye |
| What are the three reasons for the Tempest being "mysterious"? | There is no source for the play. It is thought to be Shakespeare's farewell to his art. It's the second half of a story. |
| Who said that the Tempest was a "play within a play" or "both process and product"? | Frye |
| What did Frye say could be a dramatic source for the Tempest? | Commedia dell'Arte |
| Who said that the island itself is magical and can be used for good OR evil? | Frye |
| What is Ferdinand's quest, ordeal, and vision? | Q: Search for father. O: Log bearing. V: Masque. |
| What are Gonzalo and the "three men of sin"'s quests, ordeals, and visions? | Q: search for Ferdinand. O: "forthrights and meanders". V: (Gonzalo) Commonwealth, (3 men) Harpy banquet. |
| What are Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo's quests, ordeals, and visions? | Q: Search for Prospero. O: Horsepond. V: (Caliban) Dream of music, (S&T) "Trumpery". |
| Who said that the Tempest was haunted by the passing and importance of time? | Frye |
| Who said that the Tempest is about the idea of release and to be set free? | Frye |
| What did Frye say the total effort of Prospero's magic is used to do? | Transform the Court Party from the lower to the higher aspect of nature. |
| Who said that the action of the play was a "transformation within nature"? | Frye |
| According to Frye, what do the goddesses represent? | Earth, sky, and rainbow. A contract. |
| Who used the phrase "The illusion of reality and the reality of illusion"? | Frye |
| What did Frye say was a question being raised by Shakespeare? | Is a "natural society" possible? To live in harmony with nature |
| Who said that Prospero as a protagonist was a "wise man", typically a subordinate character? | Cantor |
| According to Cantor, what are typical types of protagonists and what drives them? | Lovers and Tyrants. Sexual desire, greed, and ambition. |
| According to Cantor, why did Prospero decide to return as Duke of Milan? | Not out of lust for power, but a sense of duty |
| Who said that Propsero demonstrates reason as the "true source of nobility"? | Cantor |
| Who said that Prospero demonstrates "philosophical calm and detachment" or "the contemplative rather than the active life"? | Cantor |
| Who said that we are "less impressed by the activity of the characters in pursuing their ends than by the wisdom or foolishness than the ends they pursue"? | Cantor |
| Who said that through the Tempest, we see how the usurper's imagination can deceive and how the force of desire can distort perception (blind them)? | Cantor |
| According to Cantor, what is the usurper obsessed with? | Titles only (hallowness of desire) and not the responsibility that comes from the title |
| Does the usurper see only EXTERNAL meaning or INTERNAL process? Who said this? | External meaning, Cantor |
| Who said that the Tempest stresses "the difference among men in wisdom"? | Cantor |
| Why is the intensity of the love story muted? Who said this? | So that Prospero can remain center-stage. Cantor |
| Who is Prospero a surrogate for? Who said this? | The Playwright (Shakespeare). Cantor. |
| Who said that the audience gets a double perspective so that we recognize the difference between knowledge and lack of it? | Cantor |
| Who said that the Tempest is about heroism of the mind? | Cantor |
| Who said that the Tempest shows the contrast between natural and conventional authority/rule? | Coby |
| According to Coby, who is at the top in natural rule and why? | Prospero because he has the most knowledge of human ends and art |
| According to Coby, what is Ariel a desire for? | Freedom and the contemplative life, as hiding his head in the political sand. |
| Who said that Prospero learned how to be a duke on the island? | Coby |
| Who said that Caliban is a reminder of evil and that it needs to be fought? | Coby |
| Who said that Caliban raises anger, which can serve political engagement? | Coby |
| According to Coby, what are constant reminders for political involvement? | Children (Miranda) |
| According to Coby, what does Prospero use as a political man to accomplish his aims? | Both science and poetry (magic and music) |
| According to Coby, who has poetic illusion invested with the qualities of the divine? | Ferdinand and Miranda |
| According to Coby, poetry inspires love. What does love transform Ferdinand into? | An innocent |
| Who said that poetry can be used to "toughen the soul"? | Coby |
| What did Coby say poetry helps to fortify against? | The Caliban within |
| According to Coby, what does poetry do for Caliban? | Provides harmless pleasures to distract from hard labour and curb malicious designs |
| According to Coby, what does poetry teach Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo? | The natural difference among men, encourages deference, and makes them check their conceit of wisdom. |
| According to Coby, what does poetic illusion teach Alonso and company? | That Nature demands justice and punishes wrongdoers |
| According to Coby, what does poetry suggest to Gonzalo? | Benevolence and mercy from a providential power |
| Who said that everyone in the Tempest has been made to be a child so that they experience the world as new and wonderous? | Coby |
| According to Coby, who represents the "adult" view, and what does this view say that the world is an opportunity for? | Antonio. Exploitation, profit and gain. |
| Who says that Prospero is providing a test for Antonio, which he is failing? | Coby |
| Who said that poetry is being used to lead us to ennoblement and redemption through self-discipline and remorse? | Coby |
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