Human Skeletal System

Bone Tissue Structures & Functions
1. extracellular matrix consists of calcium phosphate, collagen fibers, and glycoproteins-
2. osteocytes - bone cells
  1. located within spaces in lacunae
3. compact bone: arranged in osteons
4. spongy bone a meshwork with diff organization from compact bone
Bone Tissue Functions
1. provides levers for body mvm't
2. supports soft structures
3. protects organs
4. stores calcium and phosphrous
Bone Cell Types & Functions
1. Osteoprogenitor - stem cell derived from mesenchyme that differentiates into an osteoblast
2. Osteoblast - lays down new bone for bone growth, remodeling, and repair.
3. Osteocyte - maintains the matrix surrounding it
4. Osteoclast - break down bone
Joint Classifications
1. Classification Based on Mvm't
  1. amphiarthrosis
  2. diarthrosis
  3. synarthrosis
2. Classification Based on Structure
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
Skeletal System Regions/Classifications
1. axial skeleton
  1. skull
    1. ethmoid
      1. cribriform plate
        forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the floor of the cranial cavity
      2. crista galli (projection)
      3. perpendicular plate of ethmoid
    2. frontal
      1. frontal sinus (cavity)
      2. supraorbital foramen (hole)
      3. superciliary arch (process)
    3. lacrimal
      1. lacrimal groove connects orbital and nasal cavities
    4. mandible
      1. alveolar processes
      2. coronoid process
      3. head of mandible
      4. mandibular foramen
    5. maxilla
      1. infraorbital foramen
      2. palatine process
    6. nasal
    7. occipital
      1. external occipital protuberance
    8. palatine
    9. parietal
    10. sphenoid
      1. foramen ovale
      2. foramen rotundum
      3. foramen spinosum
      4. greater wing
      5. inferior orbital fissure
      6. lesser wing
      7. sella turcia
      8. superior orbital fissure
    11. temporal
      1. cartoid canal
      2. external acoustic meatus - opening into the external auditory canal
      3. foramen lacerum - no structure passes completely through this
      4. internal acoustic meatus
      5. mastoid process - att. pt. for neck muscles
      6. styloid process - att. pt. for tongue muscles
      7. zygomatic process - projection that articulates w/temporal process of the zygo. bone
    12. vomer
    13. zygomatic
      1. frontal process - articulates with frontal bone
      2. maxillary process - articulates with zygomatic process of the maxillary bone
      3. temporal process - articulates with zygomatic process of the temporal bone
  2. vertebral column
    1. 32 typical vertebra
    2. 7 cervical
    3. atlas
    4. axis
    5. vvertebra prominens
    6. 12 thoracic
    7. 5 lumbar
    8. 5 sacrum
    9. coccyx (3-5 fused)
  3. ribs
  4. sternum
    1. manubrium
    2. body
    3. xiphoid
2. appendicular skeleton
  1. pectoral girdle
    1. paired clavicles
      1. acromial end (flattened horizontally)
      2. sternal end (triangular)
    2. scapula
      1. processes
        acromion
        coracoid
        spine
      2. depressions
        glenoid fossa
        infraspinous fossa
        subscapular fossa
        supraspinous fossa
      3. angles
        superior angle
        inferior angle
      4. projections
        infraglenoid tubercle
        supraglenoid tubercle
  2. upper limb
    1. humerus (shoulder)
    2. ulna (elbow)
    3. radius (spoke of a wheel)
    4. carpals (wrist)
      1. proximal row
      2. distal row
    5. metacarpal (wrist)
    6. phalanges
  3. pelvic girdle
    1. Os Coxae
      1. acetabulum
      2. obturator foramen
    2. Ilium
      1. iliac crest
      2. iliac tuberosity
      3. anterior inferior iliac spine
      4. anterior superior iliac spine
      5. greater sciatic notch
      6. iliac crest
      7. posterior inferior iliac spine
      8. posterior superior iliac spine
    3. Ischium
      1. lesser sciatic notch
      2. ischial tuberosity
    4. Pubis
      1. symphysical surface
        site of articulation for pubic bones at pubic symphysis
  4. lower limb
    1. Tibia (large shin bone)
    2. Fibula (clasp or bickle)
    3. Tarsals (a flat surface)
    4. Metatarsals
    5. Phalanges

Next up

Human Skeletal System

Description

Resource summary

Similar

	Created by stephy110 almost 10 years ago