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Mr Mohamed passing a hard time

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Mind Map on Mr Mohamed passing a hard time, created by Salma MK on 29/09/2017.
Salma MK
Mind Map by Salma MK, updated more than 1 year ago
Salma MK
Created by Salma MK over 6 years ago
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Mr Mohamed passing a hard time
  1. acute plaque changes
    1. haemorrhage
      1. thrombus formation over plaque
        1. Pathogenesis of thrombos
          1. virchow's triad
            1. abnormal blood flow
              1. turbulent flow
                1. aneurysms
                2. stasis
                  1. long flights
                    1. bed ridden patients
                  2. hypercoagulable state
                    1. primary
                      1. factor V leiden
                        1. prothrombin mutations
                        2. DIC
                          1. oral contraceptives
                          2. endothelial dysfunction
                            1. hypertension
                              1. atherosclerosis
                                1. smoking
                                  1. increased homocysteine
                          3. Ischemic Heart Disease
                            1. types
                              1. angina
                                1. stable angina
                                  1. pain during exertion
                                    1. relieved by GTN or rest
                                    2. ST segment depression
                                      1. more than 70% stenosis of coronary artery
                                      2. unstable angina
                                        1. pain during rest and exertion
                                          1. not relieved by nitroglycerine
                                          2. ST segment depression
                                            1. subendocardial ischemia
                                            2. due to non occlusive thrombus formation on plaque
                                            3. prinzmetal angina
                                              1. spasm of coronary artery
                                                1. ST segment elevation
                                                2. treatment
                                                  1. atenolol
                                                    1. B-blocker
                                                    2. Isosorbide dinitrate
                                                      1. nitrates
                                                      2. Aspirin
                                                        1. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
                                                          1. vasodilators.
                                                      3. myocardial infarction
                                                        1. types
                                                          1. STEMI
                                                            1. 100% stenosis
                                                              1. transmural infarction
                                                            2. NSTEMI
                                                              1. incomplete occlusion
                                                                1. subendocardial infarction
                                                            3. Causes
                                                              1. atherosclerotic vascular disease
                                                                1. vasospasm
                                                                  1. vasculitis
                                                                    1. thromboembolism
                                                                    2. signs and symptoms
                                                                      1. dyspnea
                                                                        1. chest pain
                                                                          1. diaphoresis
                                                                            1. cardiac referred pain
                                                                              1. common sites
                                                                                1. neck, jaws, shoulders, arms, and stomach
                                                                                2. areas of the body surface which send sensory impulses to the same levels of the spinal cord that receive cardiac sensation
                                                                                3. cold sweats
                                                                                4. Investigations
                                                                                  1. ECG
                                                                                    1. blood tests
                                                                                      1. Lipid profile.
                                                                                        1. Cardiac biomarkers
                                                                                        2. Complications
                                                                                          1. <4 h
                                                                                            1. cardiogenic shock
                                                                                              1. CHF
                                                                                              2. 4-24 h
                                                                                                1. arrhythmias
                                                                                                2. months
                                                                                                  1. dessler's syndrome
                                                                                                    1. ventricular aneurysm
                                                                                                      1. mural thrombus
                                                                                                      2. 1-3 D
                                                                                                        1. fibrinous pericarditis
                                                                                                        2. 4-7 D
                                                                                                          1. rupture of ventricular free wall
                                                                                                            1. rupture of papillary muscle
                                                                                                            2. shocks
                                                                                                              1. cardiogenic shock
                                                                                                                1. low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function
                                                                                                                  1. signs
                                                                                                                    1. Anxiety
                                                                                                                      1. Distended jugular veins
                                                                                                                        1. Cool, clammy and mottled skin
                                                                                                                      2. types
                                                                                                                    2. epidemilogy
                                                                                                                      1. one of four deaths are attributed to heart attacks
                                                                                                                      2. risk factors
                                                                                                                        1. Age
                                                                                                                          1. Diabetes
                                                                                                                            1. Smoking
                                                                                                                            2. Family history
                                                                                                                              1. First concern are first and second degree relatives.
                                                                                                                              2. Hypertension
                                                                                                                                1. physical examination
                                                                                                                                  1. Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP)
                                                                                                                                      1. causes of high JVP
                                                                                                                                        1. Heart failure.
                                                                                                                                          1. Constrictive pericarditis
                                                                                                                                  2. Management of IHD
                                                                                                                                    1. acute setting of MI
                                                                                                                                      1. STEMI
                                                                                                                                        1. Aspirin
                                                                                                                                          1. Morphine
                                                                                                                                            1. oxygen supplementation
                                                                                                                                              1. Reperfusion
                                                                                                                                                1. angioplasty
                                                                                                                                                  1. done after doing angiography
                                                                                                                                                    1. opens blocked arteries and restores normal blood flow
                                                                                                                                                    2. thrombolytics
                                                                                                                                                      1. re-establish perfusion following occlusion of an artery by thrombus
                                                                                                                                                        1. MOA
                                                                                                                                                          1. activate plasminogen
                                                                                                                                                          2. Contraindications
                                                                                                                                                            1. cerebral vascular lesion
                                                                                                                                                              1. Suspected aortic dissection
                                                                                                                                                              2. side effects
                                                                                                                                                                1. bleeding
                                                                                                                                                                2. drugs
                                                                                                                                                                  1. streptokinase
                                                                                                                                                                    1. obtained fromStreptococci
                                                                                                                                                                    2. alteplase
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Obtained by recombinant DNA technology
                                                                                                                                                              3. NSTEMI
                                                                                                                                                                1. antithrombotics
                                                                                                                                                                  1. ACE inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                    1. nitrates
                                                                                                                                                                      1. B-blockers
                                                                                                                                                                    2. antianginal drugs
                                                                                                                                                                      1. nitrates
                                                                                                                                                                        1. B blockers
                                                                                                                                                                          1. CCBs
                                                                                                                                                                            1. for Variant angina
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Lifestyle modification
                                                                                                                                                                            1. diet
                                                                                                                                                                              1. smoking cessation
                                                                                                                                                                                1. physical activity
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. alcohol intake reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. weight management
                                                                                                                                                                                2. retrosternal pain
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gastrointestinal problems
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. respiratory problems
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. cardiac problems
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. causes of non compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. complicated regimens
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. adverse events of medications
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Literacy
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. poor doctor-patient relationship
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. support groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Members with the same issues can come together for sharing coping strategies,

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