11796872
Description
Chapter 3- Motion
- Distance and speed
- Average speed (ms^-1) = distance
traveled (m) / time taken (s)
- Distance-time graphs represent
the motion of objects
- Gradient = Average speed
- Gradient = Average speed
- Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at an instance,
this can be done by working out the gradient of the tangent
at that point
- Average speed (ms^-1) = distance
traveled (m) / time taken (s)
- Displacement and velocity
- Average velocity (ms^-1) =
change in displacement (m)
/ time taken (s)
- Displacement-time graphs
- Gradient= Average velocity
- Area underneath the graph=
Displacement
- Gradient= Average velocity
- Average velocity (ms^-1) =
change in displacement (m)
/ time taken (s)
- A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction
- A scalar is quantity that only has magnitude
- A scalar is quantity that only has magnitude
- Acceleration
- "The rate of change of velocity"
- a=Δv/Δt
- a=Δv/Δt
- Negative acceleration is when the objects acceleration
is acting in the opposite direction to the velocity,
hence the object is slowing down
- Acceleration can be
determined from a
Velocity-time graphs
- Acceleration can also be noticeable
on a displacement-time graph, this
will appear as a curve
- Acceleration can also be noticeable
on a displacement-time graph, this
will appear as a curve
- "The rate of change of velocity"
- Car stopping distance
- This is the total distance from when the driver first
sees the reason to stop to when the vehicle stops
- Thinking distance + Braking distance= Stopping distance
- Thinking distance= Speed*Reaction
time
- Reaction time can be affected by numerous factors
- Tiredness
- Alcohol/drugs
- Distractions
- Tiredness
- Reaction time can be affected by numerous factors
- Braking distance can be affected by
numerous factors
- Friction
between
wheels and
road
- Mass of vehicle
- Braking force
- Friction
between
wheels and
road
- Thinking distance= Speed*Reaction
time
- Thinking distance + Braking distance= Stopping distance
- This is the total distance from when the driver first
sees the reason to stop to when the vehicle stops
- Free fall and g
- The value of g can be
determined in a few ways
- 1) use a stroboscope and
camera, to show the position of
the ball at regular intervals
- 2) Light gates could also be used, which
stop/start a timer when the beams of
light are interrupted
- 3) Using trapdoors, the ball falls once the
current turns off, the magnet demagnetises
and the timer starts. The ball falls until it
hits the trapdoor, braking the circuit and
stopping the timer
- The main idea is
to drop a mass
over a known
distance, and
time it
- 1) use a stroboscope and
camera, to show the position of
the ball at regular intervals
- The value of g can be
determined in a few ways
- Projectile motion
- Assuming no air resistance:
- Vertical velocity changes because of
acceleration due to g
- Horizontal velocity remains constant (no
acceleration)
- Angle θ calculated using inverse tan of y/x
- Time of flight calculated with s=ut+1/2 at^2, with
Pythagoras and vectors used to work out velocity
components
- The flight path is symmetrical
- The flight path is symmetrical
- Time of flight calculated with s=ut+1/2 at^2, with
Pythagoras and vectors used to work out velocity
components
- Angle θ calculated using inverse tan of y/x
- Horizontal velocity remains constant (no
acceleration)
- Vertical velocity changes because of
acceleration due to g
- Assuming no air resistance:
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