Acute kidney Injury

in the case it was due to
1. accident because he was sleepy
  1. stages of sleep
    1. Non-REM
      1. stage 1
      2. stage 2
      3. stage 3
    2. Rem
  2. injuries
    1. Lateral impact
    2. Rear end impact
    3. Head-on collisions
      1. Windshield damage
      2. Steering wheel damage
    4. internal injuries
      1. Internal bleeding
      2. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade
      3. KIDNEY DAMAGE
      4. Fractured ribs
2. he developed a
  1. Shock
    1. definition
      1. a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow
    2. types
      1. Septic shock
      2. Anaphylactic shock
      3. Cardiogenic shock
      4. Hypovolemic shock
      5. Neurogenic shock
    3. Causes
      1. heart conditions
      2. dehydration
      3. infections
      4. burns
it affects
1. kidneys nephrons
  1. histology
functions of the kidney
1. Excretes harmful waste products
2. Maintains acid-base homeostasis
3. Reabsorbs essential substances
4. Regulates water and sodium metabolism
5. Maintains vascular tone
6. Produces erythropoietin
7. Maintains calcium homeostasis
Physiology of kidneys
It affects some biochemical pathways
1. Urea cycle
2. Potassium
it is also called
1. Acute kidney failure
  1. Causes
    1. Prerenal
    2. Intra renal
      1. ATN
      2. Acute Glomerulonephritis
    3. Post renal
  2. Sign and symptoms
    1. decreased urine output
    2. Edema
    3. Fatigue, confusion
    4. Permanent kidney damage
      1. causing
        chronic renal failure
        causes
        Hypertension
        Diabetes
        Kidney diseases
        manifestations
        high blood pressure and edema
        hyperkalemia causing muscle weakness
        metabolic acidosis causing bone decalcification
        osteodystrophy
        decrease erythropoietin
        chest pain and SOB
Investigations
1. CBC
2. Urine analysis
3. Urine electrolytes
4. ultrasonography
Management
1. Diuretics
2. Renal Replacement Therapy
Follow up and prognosis
1. diet with
  1. With low potassium
  2. Avoid food with added salt
  3. Limit phosphorous
2. Depends on the cause of the disease
  1. On long-term follow-up (1 to 10 years), approximately 12.5% of survivors of acute renal failure require dialysis and 19% to 31% of them have chronic kidney disease
  2. Partial recovery of renal function may occur in situations in which the injury does not completely resolve.

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Acute kidney Injury

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	Created by Eslam Ebrahim about 6 years ago