Way of studying a language that approaches the language first through a detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by translating texts into and out of the target language.
Known as Prussian Method
Reading and writing are the major focus rather than speaking and listening.
Presentation and study of grammar rules, which are then practiced through translation exercises.
The Direct Method
L. Saveur ( 1826-1907) proposed the Natural Method that was a reference for the entire world.
Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language.
Vocabulary and sentences were taught.
Oral comunication skills were built up carefully in order to get a good process among teachers and students asking and answering questions.
Grammas was taught inductively.
New teaching points were introduced orally.
Correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized.
The language taught actively in the class rather than using analytical procedures that focus on the explanation of grammar rules in classroom teaching.
Using of the foreign language.
Approach
Theory of the nature of the language
A theory of the Nature of learning language.
Teachers decide what and how the students need to learn.
Design
Definition Of Linguistic Content and Specifications for the selection and Organization of content.
A specification of the role of learners.
A specification of the role of the teachers.
Procedure
Descriptions of techniques and practices in the instructional system.
Syllabuses
Organizing a global order of presentation.
Structural
Grammatical and phonological structures.
Situational
Situations.
Topical
Topics or themes.
Functional
Functions
Notional
Conceptual categories named notional.
Skills
Listening, Writing, Speaking, and Reading
Task
Task or activity-based categories.
Techniques
Bridging activities
Direct Dialogue.
Discussion
Grammar demonstration dialogue.
Idea Frame
Lectures on the rule of language.
Object-centered lesson
Verb-centered lesson.
Excercises
Autonomus interaction
Chain dialogue.
Cloze procedire
Conversoin
Copying
Expansion
Fill-in
Matching
Multiple choice
Pattern-drill
Translation
True-False.
Overview of curriculum components
The framework that helps students to learn effectively and efficiently in a given situation.
Evaluations
Need Analysis
Understanding and produce the language directly in the students.
Objectives
Accomplish a goal in order to attain and satisfy students needs.
Testing
Development of test based on a program's goal and objectives.
Materials
Materials can be used for students to fill the students' needs.
Teaching
Teachers manage their style of teaching with the purpose of using a method appropriate