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X-Rays in Medicine
Description
GCSE Physics Mind Map on X-Rays in Medicine, created by jadepalmer98 on 17/11/2013.
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gcse
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jadepalmer98
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jadepalmer98
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
X-Rays in Medicine
X-Ray images are used in hospitals for medical diagnosis
X-rays are high frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic waves - wavelength roughly the same diameter as an atom
Transmitted by healthy tissue, absorbed by denser materials like bones and metal
Affect photographic film in the same way as light - can be used to take photographs
X-ray photographs can be used to diagnose many medical conditions - bone fractures, dental problems
Can be formed electronically using charge-coupled devices (CCDs)
CCDs are silicon chips about the size of a postage stamp, divided into a grid of millions of identical pixels
CCDs detect x-rays and produce electronic signals - used to form high resolution images
Same technology as digital cameras
CT Scans use x-rays
Computerised Axial Tomography
Use x-rays to produce high resolution images of soft and hard tissue
Patient put in cylindrical scanner - x-ray beam fired through the body from an x-ray tube and picked up by detectors on the opposite side
Tube and detectors are rotated during the scan - computer interprets the signals to form an image of the 2D slice through the body
Multiple 2D scans can be put together to make a 3D image of the inside of the body
X-rays can be used to treat cancer
X-rays can cause ionisation - high doses will kill living cells
Therefore used to stop cancer
Have to be carefully focussed and at right dosage to kill the cancer cells without damaging too many normal cells
To treat cancer
1 - X-rays focused on the tumour using a wide beam
2 - Beam rotated round the patient with the tumour at the centre
3 - This minimises exposure of normal cells to radiation - reduces chance of damaging the rest of the body
Radiographers take precautions to minimise radiation dose
Prolonged exposure can be dangerous for your health
1 - Radiographers who work with x-ray machines or CT scanners need to take precautions to minimise their x-ray dose
2 - They wear lead aprons, stand behind a lead screen or leave the room while scans are being done
3 - Lead is used to shield areas of the patients body that aren't being scanned, and exposure time to the x-rays is always kept to an absolute minimum
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