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COPING

DEFINE
1. constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage internal or external demands perceived to be taxing or exceeding resources
strategies
1. problem focused
  1. alleviate environmental stimuli causing stress response
  2. increase effort and resolve
  3. analysing and planning
  4. learning and improvement
2. emotion focused
  1. regulation of emotions to manage or reduce cognitive ditress
  2. acceptance
  3. using anxiety as a stimulant
  4. emotional control techniques
  5. venting of emotions
  6. seeking social support
styles
1. approach
  1. facing the stressful situation, trying to resolve
  2. emphasize positives
  3. thought control
  4. realistic appraisals
  5. positive reinterpretation and growth
2. avoidance
  1. psychological (cognitive distancing)
  2. behavioural (removing self from situation
  3. isolation
  4. wishful thinking
  5. avoiding the problem/ignoring
conceptual framework
1. problem focused-approach: focus on errors and try to correct
2. problem focused-avoidance: try again and dont worry about it
3. emotion focused-approach: use PMR to reduce stress
4. emotion focused-avoidance: forget it, doesnt bother you
coping resources in golfers- EMOTION FOCUSED FOUND TO BE PREDOMINANT
1. BLOCKING, CONCENTRATION AND TECHNICAL ADJUSTMENTS most frequently cited
GENDER DIFFERENCES
1. equivocal findings
2. use more problem-focused
3. females more emotion focus and seek social support
AGE
1. younger athletes have smaller less flexible repetoire
2. older better equipped to cope
3. try to teach children several different strategies so they feel better able to cope
STRATEGIES AND PSYCH RESPONSES
1. more emotion focused coping leads to more negative affect and cognitive anxiety
2. more problem focused associated with greater positive affect
3. more avoidance coping leading to negative cognitive anxiety
gymnast coping strategies
1. facilitators
  1. in good phase of performance: "i was really in the flow and just focussing on continuing to perform well"
  2. in bad phase: "just tried to be positive and get on with it"
2. debilitators
  1. in good phase: "i was just constantly worried i'd muck it up, start performing badly"
  2. bad phase: "tried to get myself back on track but it didnt really work and then i didnt know what to do"
coping effectiveness
1. determined by
  1. previous experience
  2. motivational orientation
  3. self confidence
2. lack can lead to:
  1. DECREASED PERFORMANCE
  2. sport withdrawal
  3. less likely to pursue professional career
examples of coping failure
1. helplessness
2. intensified self-analysis
3. crying after performance
4. making more mistakes
WHAT DETERMINES EFFECTIVENESS?
1. type of strategy employed (positive self talk and thinking ahead vs thinking of irrelevant things and neg ST)
2. perceived control over stressors (will increase coping ability)
3. automaticity of the coping response
high coping effectiveness associated with placement at olympic games (2002 research)
coping effectiveness training (2011)
1. 1- understanding coping ability and your stressors 2-coping with uncontrollable (emotion focused) 3-coping with controllable (problem focused) 4- using social support to cope

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	Created by rachii24-7 about 11 years ago