Poverty as low incomes - low income is most commonly used to conceptualise poverty - measured by counting those below an agreed international poverty line (current measure is US$1.25 a day)

Relative poverty - SEN - is relative to the lives of other people within the country.

Capabilities approach - Amartya Sen 'the substantive freedoms he or she enjoys to lead the kind of life he or she has reason to value' - not just rights but possibilities open to people.

Gini coefficient/Lorenz Curve - Lorenz Curve is representing the cumulative share of income on a graph. Gini is the area on a graph between the equality line and Lorenz Curve (measure of inequality) - closer to 1 the greater the inequality.

Sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA's). A framework which emerged from academics & policy makers in UK at the end of 90's as a means to understand better the ways that poor people make a living.

Social justice.

Human Development Index - is a measure of achievements in 3 areas of human development and is measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling & expected years of schooling.