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| Question | Answer |
| Poverty as low incomes - low income is most commonly used to conceptualise poverty - measured by counting those below an agreed international poverty line (current measure is US$1.25 a day) | Poverty as multiple deprivations. Sen had a theory that it wasn't just low incomes to result in poverty. It is a vicious circle of low income, low levels of literacy, low levels of health=impacts on employability. |
| Relative poverty - SEN - is relative to the lives of other people within the country. | Relational & residual poverty. Relational poverty=examines whether wealth generated by some, creates the poverty of others. Residual= poverty to be a 'residue' of a process of historical change & development that has not reached a certain sector in society. |
| Capabilities approach - Amartya Sen 'the substantive freedoms he or she enjoys to lead the kind of life he or she has reason to value' - not just rights but possibilities open to people. | Structural inequality. Poverty results from the unequal distribution of resources, power and wealth. |
| Gini coefficient/Lorenz Curve - Lorenz Curve is representing the cumulative share of income on a graph. Gini is the area on a graph between the equality line and Lorenz Curve (measure of inequality) - closer to 1 the greater the inequality. | Culture & development |
| Sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA's). A framework which emerged from academics & policy makers in UK at the end of 90's as a means to understand better the ways that poor people make a living. | Global value chains. The process in delivering products to our shelves is multi-layered and complex - grown & produced elsewhere for us to consume. |
| Social justice. | Bilateral/multilateral aid. Bilateral aid is aid going from one country to another. Multilateral aid is channelled through international institutions. |
| Human Development Index - is a measure of achievements in 3 areas of human development and is measured by life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling & expected years of schooling. | Gender & Development. |
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