PHSI3011 10-1 Complex Systemic Homeoastasis

Question 1 of 20

1

Glucose is a 6-Carbon ring that’s metabolisable as a “D-isomer”. It’s C6-H[x]-O[y]?

Select one of the following:

X = 12; Y = 6
X = 6; Y = 6
X = 6; Y = 12
X = 12; Y = 12

Explanation

Question 2 of 20

1

Glucose is a:

Select one of the following:

Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Monoglyceride
Polyglyceride

Explanation

Question 3 of 20

3

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Glucose is consumed as starch and glycogen and broken down to glucose by ( Exocrine, Endocrine, Autocrine, Paracrine ) ( Pancreatic, Hepatic, Leukocytic, Lymphatic ) ( Glycosidases, Glycocytes, Glycosides, Glycogenases ) for transport across the enterocytes.

Explanation

Question 4 of 20

1

How much of the postprandial glucose disposal is accounted for by skeletal muscle glucose uptake? (in humans)

Select one of the following:

~70-80%
~20-30%
~50-70%
~30-50%
~80-90%
~10-20%

Explanation

Question 5 of 20

1

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Triglycerides (/“Triacylglycerols”) are complex lipids that are 3 Fatty Acids attached to a ( 3 Carbon Glycerol, 3 Carbon Glycogen, 5 Carbon Glycerol, 5 Carbon Glycogen ) backbone.

Explanation

Question 6 of 20

1

Free Fatty Acids (“NEFA”: Non-Esterified Fatty Acids) are released from ❌ and circulate bound to ❌.

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Adipocytes

Albumin

Explanation

Question 7 of 20

2

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Triglycerides (/TriAcylGlycerols/TAGs) circulate in lipoproteins secreted from the Liver or Gut. Which type of lipoprotein is secreted from each of the two?
Liver: ( VLDL, LDL, HDL, Chylomicron )
Gut: ( Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL )

Explanation

Question 8 of 20

1

ADIPOSE-DERIVED Fatty Acids are taken up by which tissues?

Select one of the following:

Liver
Gut
Muscle
Liver and Gut
Liver and Muscle
Gut and Muscle
All of the above
None of the above
ALL tissues

Explanation

Question 9 of 20

1

Once dietary TriAcylGlycerols have been hydrolysed and transported across the enterocytes, they’re then esterified back into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:

Select one of the following:

Chylomicrons
VLDLs
LDLs
HDLs

Explanation

Question 10 of 20

1

Once adipose-derived Fatty Acids are taken up by the liver, they’re esterified into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:

Select one of the following:

Chylomicrons
VLDLs
LDLs
HDLs

Explanation

Question 11 of 20

1

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Chylomicron-TG is metabolised at the tissue level by ( LipoProtein Lipase (LPL), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs), High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs), Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs) ), which hydrolyses CM-TG to release FA for tissue uptake.

Explanation

Question 12 of 20

2

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After hydrolysis of the Chylomicron-TG, the particle becomes smaller, forming CM-remnant.
This remnant particle is taken up by the ( Liver, Gut, Muscle ) and the TG remaining in the particle can be repackaged into a ( VLDL, HDL, LDL, LPL, VLPL, Chylomicron ), thereby recycling the dietary FA.

Explanation

Question 13 of 20

5

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label all those bits.

{"56.6582_41.0506":[{"id":19408314,"answer":"Chylomicron","x":56.6582,"y":41.0506},{"id":19408315,"answer":"LDL","x":56.6582,"y":41.0506},{"id":19408316,"answer":"VLDL","x":56.6582,"y":41.0506},{"id":19408317,"answer":"LPL","x":56.6582,"y":41.0506},{"id":19408318,"answer":"HDL","x":56.6582,"y":41.0506},{"id":19408319,"answer":"VLPL","x":56.6582,"y":41.0506}],"27.9795_64.3969":[{"id":19408332,"answer":"VLDL","x":27.9795,"y":64.3969},{"id":19408333,"answer":"LDL","x":27.9795,"y":64.3969},{"id":19408334,"answer":"LPL","x":27.9795,"y":64.3969},{"id":19408335,"answer":"VLPL","x":27.9795,"y":64.3969},{"id":19408336,"answer":"HDL","x":27.9795,"y":64.3969},{"id":19408337,"answer":"Chylomicron","x":27.9795,"y":64.3969}],"3.35492_92.0233":[{"id":19408338,"answer":"Liver","x":3.35492,"y":92.0233},{"id":19408339,"answer":"Adipose","x":3.35492,"y":92.0233},{"id":19408340,"answer":"Muscle","x":3.35492,"y":92.0233}],"89.9916_25.6809":[{"id":19408344,"answer":"Muscle","x":89.9916,"y":25.6809},{"id":19408345,"answer":"Adipose","x":89.9916,"y":25.6809},{"id":19408346,"answer":"Liver","x":89.9916,"y":25.6809}],"72.8744_59.7276":[{"id":19408320,"answer":"LPL","x":72.8744,"y":59.7276},{"id":19408321,"answer":"VLPL","x":72.8744,"y":59.7276},{"id":19408322,"answer":"LDL","x":72.8744,"y":59.7276},{"id":19408323,"answer":"VLDL","x":72.8744,"y":59.7276},{"id":19408324,"answer":"HDL","x":72.8744,"y":59.7276},{"id":19408325,"answer":"Chylomicron","x":72.8744,"y":59.7276}],"55.3069_79.7665":[{"id":19408326,"answer":"Chylomicron remnant","x":55.3069,"y":79.7665},{"id":19408327,"answer":"VLDL remnant","x":55.3069,"y":79.7665},{"id":19408328,"answer":"LDL remnant","x":55.3069,"y":79.7665},{"id":19408329,"answer":"HDL remnant","x":55.3069,"y":79.7665},{"id":19408330,"answer":"VLPL remnant","x":55.3069,"y":79.7665},{"id":19408331,"answer":"LPL remnant","x":55.3069,"y":79.7665}],"65.8174_95.5253":[{"id":19408341,"answer":"Adipose","x":65.8174,"y":95.5253},{"id":19408342,"answer":"Liver","x":65.8174,"y":95.5253},{"id":19408343,"answer":"Muscle","x":65.8174,"y":95.5253}]}

Explanation

Question 14 of 20

1

Which two mostly carry TAGs (/TAs/TriAcylGlycerols/TriGlycerides)?

Select one or more of the following:

Chylomicron
VLDL
LDL
HDL

Explanation

Question 15 of 20

1

Which two carry mostly* Cholesterol?
(not actually mostly, but more than TAGs)

Select one or more of the following:

LDL
HDL
VLDL
Chylomicron

Explanation

Question 16 of 20

1

Glucose uptake is limited by GLUT levels at the plasma membrane… …but can be overcome by an increase in levels of what?

Select one of the following:

HK2
HK1
SA1
SA2

Explanation

Question 17 of 20

1

The rate of fatty acid oxidation is controlled by the rate of FA entry into the mitochondria – this step is catalysed by what? (the activity of which is regulated by malonyl-CoA through ALLOSTERIC REGULATION)

Select one of the following:

CPT1
CPT2
HK1
HK2

Explanation

Question 18 of 20

4

The modification of proteins is a highly conserved process that regulates protein/enzyme activity. A diverse range of PTMs include:
❌: Addition of a phosphate (from ATP or similar triphosphates)
❌: Addition of acetate from acetyl-CoA
❌: Addition of a glucose molecule
❌: Include myristolyation (C14), palmitolyation (C16)

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Phosphorylation

Acetylation

Glycosylation

Lipidation

Explanation

Question 19 of 20

1

Can Phosphorylation activate or inactivate an enzyme?

Select one of the following:

Activate
Inactivate
Neither
Either

Explanation

Question 20 of 20

1

True or false: The synthesis of new protein is another point of regulation. An example of this is Gluconeogenesis.

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by Michael Jardine almost 9 years ago