katelynmaria02
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Relevant questions from the oldies. May not be all inclusive, just what I found. If you see any problems or anything please e-mail me at katelynmaria02@gmail.com and I will try to make corrections.

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Embryology Midterm

Embryology Midterm

Question 1 of 43

1

Fertilization typically occurs in the:

Select one of the following:

  • ovary

  • uterus

  • ampulla of the oviduct

  • isthmus of the oviduct

  • vagina

Explanation

Question 2 of 43

1

The zona pellucida:

Select one of the following:

  • is located between the oocyte and granulosa cells

  • hardens to provide a block to polyspermy

  • prevents premature (ectopic) implantation

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 3 of 43

1

Where in the developing embryo is the mesoderm layer absent so that there is no separation bewteen the ectoderm and endoderm layers?
1. oral plate
2. cardiac plate
3. cecal plate
4. lateral plate

Select one of the following:

  • 1 & 2

  • 1 &3

  • 2 & 3

  • 2&4

  • 1,2,&3

Explanation

Question 4 of 43

1

Within the trunk of the developing embryo, paraxial mesoderm breaks up into:

Select one of the following:

  • thin layers called the intermediate mesoderm

  • thick layers called the lateral plate

  • somitomeres consisting of somitomere components

  • somites consisting of sclerotome, dermatome, and myotome components

Explanation

Question 5 of 43

1

During development Meckel's cartilage is known to become a portion of the:

Select one of the following:

  • chondrocranium

  • neurocranium

  • mandible

  • maxilla

Explanation

Question 6 of 43

1

The first branchial arch gives rise to:

Select one of the following:

  • muscles of mastication

  • part of the tongue

  • nasal septum

  • muscles of facial expression

  • a & b

Explanation

Question 7 of 43

1

At the beginning of the blastocyst stage there is:

Select one of the following:

  • development of a fluid filled cavity called the amnion

  • formation of an inner cell mass which becomes the trophoblast

  • formation of an outer cell mass which becomes the embryoblast

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 8 of 43

1

At the earliest stage of development the primitive stomadeum is bounded by the (May/ may not be relevant for this exam):

Select one of the following:

  • maxillary and mandibular prominences

  • the frontonasal prominence and mandibular prominence

  • the frontonasal prominence and cardiac bulge

  • the median nasal prominences and mandibular process

  • the maxillary and median nasal prominences and mandibular process

Explanation

Question 9 of 43

1

The muscle of the gut wall is embryonically derived from:

Select one of the following:

  • sclerotome

  • myotome

  • dermatome

  • intermediate mesoderm

  • lateral plate mesoderm

Explanation

Question 10 of 43

1

The mesodermal layer of the embryo:

Select one of the following:

  • arose from ectodermal cells of the epiblast

  • forms blood vessels and most of the heart

  • forms cartilage and bone

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 11 of 43

1

During development the amnion and yolk sac are in temporary communication. This opening is:

Select one of the following:

  • allantois canal

  • neurenteric canal

  • Caso's canal

  • umbilicus

  • reichert's membrane

Explanation

Question 12 of 43

1

Neural crest cells can form or become all of the following except:

Select one of the following:

  • bone

  • cartilage

  • myelin

  • neurons

  • olfactory sensory cells

Explanation

Question 13 of 43

1

Secretions of epithelial cells of the oviduct:

Select one of the following:

  • provide nutritional material for the conceptus

  • together with cilia establish an outward flow that inhibits bacterial migration toward the peritoneal cavity

  • produce a current that helps orient spermatozoa

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 14 of 43

1

Progression from the 2-cell stage to the morula is called:

Select one of the following:

  • implantation

  • neurulation

  • cleavage

  • gastrulation

  • insemination

Explanation

Question 15 of 43

1

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the notochord?

Select one of the following:

  • arises from a notochordal process which at first is a hollow tubular structure

  • is formed during gastrulation

  • arises from the primitive pit

  • divides the developing embryo into cephalic and caudal halves

  • lies along the long axis of the embryo

Explanation

Question 16 of 43

1

THe muscles of mastication arise from mesenchyme of the _________ branchial arch.

Select one of the following:

  • first

  • second

  • third

  • fourth-sixth

Explanation

Question 17 of 43

1

In the following list of events or stages, which of event would be third: Morula, Fertilization, Graffian follicle, Hatching, Implantation?

Select one of the following:

  • morula

  • fertilization

  • graafian follicle

  • hatching

  • implantation

Explanation

Question 18 of 43

1

Which of the following is a false statement?

Select one of the following:

  • the zona pellucida is a matrix layer between the follicular epithelium and oocyte

  • a function of zona pellucida is to prevent premature implantation

  • zona pellucida encircles the morula

  • zona pellucida is surrounded by granulosa cells

  • zona pellucida is removed immediately following fertilization

Explanation

Question 19 of 43

1

Transport of the ovum is facilitated by:

Select one of the following:

  • the activity of cilia in the uterine tube

  • peristalic contractions of the muscularis of the uterine tube

  • the presence of active flagella in cells of the corona radiata

  • all of the above

  • a & b

Explanation

Question 20 of 43

1

Meiosis is completed prior to ovulation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 43

1

The syncytiotrophoblast is derived from the outer cell mass while the cytotrophoblast is derived from cells of the inner cell mass.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 43

1

Alveolar bone is formed from:

Select one of the following:

  • mesenchyme derived from somites

  • epithelium from the oral ectoderm

  • mesenchyme from the primitive streak

  • mesenchyme from notochord

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 23 of 43

1

The folding of the embryo causes:

Select one of the following:

  • endoderm to be on the inside of the embryo

  • ectoderm to be on the inside of endoderm

  • endoderm to be on the outside of the mesoderm

  • mesoderm to be on the outside of the ectoderm

Explanation

Question 24 of 43

1

From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived?

Select one of the following:

  • epiblast

  • hypoblast

  • endoderm

  • neuroectoderm

Explanation

Question 25 of 43

1

Hatching occurs:

Select one of the following:

  • during implantation

  • in the ampulla of the oviduct

  • prior to blastocyst formation

  • during the morula stage

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 26 of 43

1

Which of the following statements concerning prenatal development is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • most congenital malformations occur during the last prenatal week

  • maturation of existing structures occurs during the second to eighth week

  • initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week

  • the fetus is the structure present during embryonic period

Explanation

Question 27 of 43

1

The oral plate consists of:

Select one of the following:

  • embryonic endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

  • a circular area anterior to the notochord in which the endoderm is fused to the embryonic mesoderm

  • the cloacal membrane and the overlying amnion

  • endoderm of the roof of the yolk sac and embryonic ectoderm

  • the cardiogenic mesoderm and the neuroectoderm

Explanation

Question 28 of 43

1

The first brachial arch gives rise to:

Select one of the following:

  • muscles of mastication

  • maxillary teeth

  • mandibular teeth

  • malleus

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 29 of 43

1

Somites form from:

Select one of the following:

  • ectomesenchyme

  • intermediate mesoderm

  • lateral plate mesoderm

  • paraxial mesoderm

Explanation

Question 30 of 43

1

Which of the following cells have migrated from the neuroectoderm and are the basis for future bone of the maxilla and mandible?

Select one of the following:

  • sclerotome

  • trophoblast

  • mesodermal

  • neural crest

  • endodermal

Explanation

Question 31 of 43

1

Embryologically the muscular wall of the gut arose from the:

Select one of the following:

  • endoderm

  • parietal lateral plate mesoderm

  • visceral lateral plate mesoderm

  • somatic myotome

  • intermediate mesoderm

Explanation

Question 32 of 43

1

The cells of the _______ will form the embryo proper.

Select one of the following:

  • inner cell mass

  • cyrotrophoblast

  • outer cell mass

  • syntiotrophoblast

Explanation

Question 33 of 43

1

At the beginning of the third week of development a thickening of ectoderm overlying the notochord indicates the start of:

Select one of the following:

  • cleavage

  • gastrulation

  • primitive streak stage

  • neurulation

  • somite formation

Explanation

Question 34 of 43

1

Prior to the formation of the primitive streak the amnion and blastocystic cavity (yolk sac) communicate via the neuroenteric canal.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 43

1

Regarding the early embryo, which of the following is False?

Select one of the following:

  • the epiblast faces the amniotic cavity

  • the embryonic shield consists of 2 layers prior to the formation of the primitive streak

  • following gastrulation mesoderm fills all the space between the ectoderm and endoderm

  • the hypoblast cells are primitive endoderm

Explanation

Question 36 of 43

1

Which of the following is Incorrect regarding the notochord?

Select one of the following:

  • it arises from a notochordal process which at first is a hollow tubular structure

  • it is formed during gastrulation

  • arises from the primitive node

  • it extends from the primitive pit in a caudal direction

  • divides the developing embryo into right and left halves

Explanation

Question 37 of 43

1

Conceptus includes:
1. extraembryonic structures derived from the zygote
2. embryonic structures derived from the zygote
3. chorion
4. syncytiotrophoblast

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 1, 2, & 3

  • 1 & 3

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 38 of 43

1

Down syndrome is known for:

Select one of the following:

  • trisomy of chromosome number 20

  • production of a monosomy situation

  • facial enlargement and lengthened palate

  • fissured tongue and delayed tooth eruption

Explanation

Question 39 of 43

1

Which of the following supports the primitive embryo and is directly derived from ectoderm alone?

Select one of the following:

  • notochord

  • prochordal plate

  • secondary yolk sac

  • cardiac plate

Explanation

Question 40 of 43

1

Which of the following syndromes occurs due to failure of neural crest cells to migrate?

Select one of the following:

  • Downs syndrome

  • Fetal alcohol syndrome

  • Asperger syndrome

  • Treacher Collins syndrome

Explanation

Question 41 of 43

1

The face develops in the human between:

Select one of the following:

  • 6 and 10 days

  • 10 and 22 days

  • 12 and 22 days

  • 24 and 38 days

Explanation

Question 42 of 43

1

Primitive oral cavity is called?

Select one of the following:

  • primitive choana

  • buccopharingeal membrane

  • stomatodeum

  • foregut

  • none of these

Explanation

Question 43 of 43

1

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA are called:

Select one of the following:

  • growth factors

  • transcription factors

  • receptors

  • messengers

Explanation

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