Jace Riley
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Quiz on Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, created by Jace Riley on 25/10/2014.

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Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau

Question 1 of 90

1

Hobbes - The Second law of nature requires that

Select one of the following:

  • Natural inequalities among men be preserved by class distinctions

  • All men give up the same rights as all others

  • Slavery be forced upon those who violate the other laws

  • An arbiter not be biased

Explanation

Question 2 of 90

1

According to Hobbes the main difference between a belief in one God as opposed to many gods is that

Select one of the following:

  • The belief in one God comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in many gods comes from fear of the future.

  • Only a belief in many gods is based on truth and not an attempt to control others

  • The belief in many gods comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in God comes from fear of the future

  • Only a belief in God claims any supernatural or divine involvement with humans

Explanation

Question 3 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, the origin of religion is

Select one of the following:

  • Simple manipulation by tricky people

  • God simply gave men religion as a gift

  • Anxiety of things to come and a desire to protect oneself from bad things happening

  • Recognition of seasonal changes without a good explanation for why it happens

Explanation

Question 4 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, liberty is

Select one of the following:

  • Absence of opposition

  • only available in the Commonwealth

  • available to all subjects

  • for weaklings

Explanation

Question 5 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, a Free-Man is

Select one of the following:

  • one that is not hindered from doing what he wills and has the strength and wit to do

  • a subject of the true and living king

  • one that has escaped the state of nature

  • one that has escaped from slavery

Explanation

Question 6 of 90

1

Hobbes argues that liberty and necessity can function at the same time

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 90

1

Hobbes argues that the commonwealth

Select one of the following:

  • must limit the power of the sovereign

  • should always be governed by majority rule

  • is one artificial person

  • must encourage diversity

Explanation

Question 8 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command the death of a subject, but not that the subject yield his right of self preservation

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, covenants without sufficient force to support them are useless

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 90

1

The different types of commonwealth by institution include all of the following except,

Select one of the following:

  • monarchy

  • aristocracy

  • anarchy

  • democracy

Explanation

Question 11 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign is different depending on whether he acquired power through acquisition or institution

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 90

1

According to Hobbes no one has the right to criticize the actions of a sovereign, since each subject is the author of those actions

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, the sovereign should be under the contract, and therefore may be removed easily from power

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, property exists in the state of nature

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 90

1

The right of nature

Select one of the following:

  • Allows all men liberty to use his own power as he will, and to protect his life and the means of improving his life

  • Prevents men from being happy

  • prevents any man from harming another

  • allows all men privacy

Explanation

Question 16 of 90

1

Hobbes - Command and council differ

Select one of the following:

  • counsel is offered with the interests of the hearer in mind

  • counsel is offered by one with authority

  • counsel is offered with the interests of the speaker in mind

  • counsel must be obeyed

Explanation

Question 17 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, the sovereign can legitimately command someone to commit suicide

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 90

1

Groups formed by the authority of the sovereign are known as

Select one of the following:

  • Political bodies

  • writts

  • private parties

  • limited systems

Explanation

Question 19 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, it is better to have counselors meet all together than to hear their counsel individually

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, every crime is a sin, but not every sin is a crime

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, fear is most likely to deter someone from committing a crime, but people may also commit crimes due to fear

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, it is sometimes acceptable to protest the decrees of political bodies, but not the decrees of the sovereign

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 90

1

According to Hobbes, property

Select one of the following:

  • is a creation of the commonwealth and determined by the sovereign

  • exists in the state of nature

  • should always be determined by force

  • is an innate and inalienable right

Explanation

Question 24 of 90

1

Hobbes argues that political factions are necessary for a good government

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 90

1

Hobbes refers to commerce as

Select one of the following:

  • Circulation

  • theft

  • sinews

  • nutrition

Explanation

Question 26 of 90

1

Who, according to Locke, has the right of reparation

Select one of the following:

  • the victim of the transgression

  • the sovereign

  • everyone

  • no one

  • the transgressor

Explanation

Question 27 of 90

1

Locke argues that, in the state of nature, all have the right to punish someone who transgresses natural law

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 90

1

According to Locke, slavery is justified in the state of war

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 90

1

According to Locke, there are no covenants outside the commonwealth

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 90

1

What is the limit on the natural right to property, according to Locke?

Select one of the following:

  • The sovereign's will

  • you cannot justly let things spoil in your possession

  • all private property is theft, all things should stay in common

  • there is no limit

Explanation

Question 31 of 90

1

Locke argues we may never lawfully harm another person

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 90

1

Locke says that humans are all equal because

Select one of the following:

  • We all can kill each other

  • we all think we are smarter than everyone else

  • we are all unworthy of God's love

  • We are all creations and servants of God

Explanation

Question 33 of 90

1

According to Locke, natural law is derived from

Select one of the following:

  • hatred

  • physics

  • pythagorean theorem

  • reason

Explanation

Question 34 of 90

1

Locke argues that all private property can be traced to the inheritance of the oldest sons of Adam down to the present day

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 90

1

Locke argues that liberty is equal to license, that is not being bound by any law

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 90

1

Which is the determining rule in a commonwealth, according to Locke

Select one of the following:

  • The philosopher king knows best

  • majority rule

  • patriarchy: father knows best

  • might makes right

Explanation

Question 37 of 90

1

What is not needed i na commonwealth according to Locke?

Select one of the following:

  • A sovereign with arbitrary power over all property on a given territory

  • an established, disinterested (that is, not having a material stake in the outcome of controversy) judicature

  • an agreement of all members to give up their natural executive power to the sovereign, except for the immediate self-preservation

  • a known (published) law

Explanation

Question 38 of 90

1

According to Locke, the first society was

Select one of the following:

  • church

  • master-servant, emerging from the state of war

  • commonwealth

  • family

Explanation

Question 39 of 90

1

The main difference between Hobbes' social contract and Locke's social contract is that

Select one of the following:

  • Hobbes' contract includes all members, including the sovereign

  • Locke's contract includes all members, including the sovereign

  • Locke's contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Hobbes' doesnt

  • Hobbes' contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Locke's doesnt

Explanation

Question 40 of 90

1

According to Locke, which is not part of freedom

Select one of the following:

  • liberty of every one to do whatever he feels like

  • not being subject to the arbitrary will of another

  • use of reason

  • responsibility to act under the law

Explanation

Question 41 of 90

1

According to Locke, the power parents have over children

Select one of the following:

  • is the same as political power

  • arises from their duty to teach them reason

  • is vested only in the father, thus it is paternal power

  • lasts all their lives

Explanation

Question 42 of 90

1

According to Locke, the requirement to join a particular commonwealth is most closely linked to

Select one of the following:

  • paternal power: a child must remain in the same commonwealth as the father

  • the land the person claims as his own

  • the mother's membership

  • there are no such requirements: anyone can live anywhere and belong to any commonwealth

Explanation

Question 43 of 90

1

According to Locke, who is not part of civil society

Select one of the following:

  • slaves

  • wives

  • servants

  • children

Explanation

Question 44 of 90

1

According to Locke, the basic requirement for the exercise of freedom is

Select one of the following:

  • reason

  • caprice

  • cowardice

  • rebellion

Explanation

Question 45 of 90

1

Paternal power

Select one of the following:

  • gives the father absolute, arbitrary control over the child

  • is granted for life to him who begat the child

  • is granted for as long as the child is in his care, until the child reaches the ability to reason

  • can never be held by a woman

Explanation

Question 46 of 90

1

Unlike Hobbes, Locke argues that a promise made under threat of violence is not binding

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 47 of 90

1

Locke alls the power to engage the forces of one commonwealth in relation with another, for example entering alliances

Select one of the following:

  • permissive power

  • executive power

  • federative power

  • judicial power

Explanation

Question 48 of 90

1

The exercise of power which another has a right to is

Select one of the following:

  • democracy

  • aristocracy

  • monarchy

  • usurpation

Explanation

Question 49 of 90

1

"Power in the hands of the prince to provide for the public good in such cases which, depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct" is called

Select one of the following:

  • Salus Populi

  • Prerogative

  • Tyranny

  • Common law

Explanation

Question 50 of 90

1

According to Locke, the supreme form of political power is

Select one of the following:

  • judicial

  • executive

  • legislative

  • permissive

Explanation

Question 51 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that human nature can change depending on the conditions he is in

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 52 of 90

1

Rousseau's "noble savage" in the state of nature lives for the benefit of his family

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 53 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, the idea that leads men into civil society is

Select one of the following:

  • property

  • danger from outsiders

  • self-defense

  • family

Explanation

Question 54 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, the first type of society for humans was the

Select one of the following:

  • religious community

  • master-slave relationship

  • polis

  • family

Explanation

Question 55 of 90

1

One of the key traits that keep humans in the state of nature from harming each other, according to Rousseau, is

Select one of the following:

  • diffidence

  • pity

  • reason

  • competition

Explanation

Question 56 of 90

1

The goal that led to much corruption with the early groups of people was

Select one of the following:

  • love

  • acceptance

  • pity

  • public esteem

Explanation

Question 57 of 90

1

The two arts that produced a huge revolution in early societies were

Select one of the following:

  • writing and linguistics

  • science and painting

  • agriculture and metallurgy

  • religion and dance

Explanation

Question 58 of 90

1

Who benefitted most from the institution of the first social contracts?

Select one of the following:

  • the rich

  • the poor

  • the intelligent

  • the weak

Explanation

Question 59 of 90

1

What is the nature of Rousseau's social contract as sketched in the Discourse

Select one of the following:

  • All agree to form a monarchy, but bind the sovereign power

  • the sovereign simply conquers the subjects, and agrees not to kill them as long as they are obedient

  • all but the sovereign (or Magistrate) agree to give rights to the sovereign, but the sovereign does not enter into the agreement

  • the populace agrees to obey, while the magistrate agrees to use his/their powers only in accordance with the intention of the constituenths

Explanation

Question 60 of 90

1

What is the basis for inequality, according to Rousseau

Select one of the following:

  • natural differences in intelligence

  • natural differences in physical attributes

  • property

  • luck

Explanation

Question 61 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that no man justly can give up liberty

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that the right of war does not justify slavery

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 63 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that social order is the basis of all other rights

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 64 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, the only natural society is the

Select one of the following:

  • city

  • commonwealth

  • family

  • state

Explanation

Question 65 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, the best legislator would be someone outside the commonwealth, although the laws would still have to be accepted by the sovereign

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 66 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that the notion of "might makes right" legitimizes rebellion

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 67 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, competition among factions is good for the society, as it creates political liberalism

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 68 of 90

1

Like Hobbes, Rousseau argues that all individuals give all their rights to the sovereign, who is not under any obligations because he/they does/do not enter into the contract

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 69 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that all citizens on an enemy state legitimately can be killed at any time

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 70 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that Hobbes' view of politics reduces men to so many herds of cattle to be devoured by the leader

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 71 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that the larger the state, the less liberty individuals have

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 72 of 90

1

The most vigorous government, according to Rousseau, is

Select one of the following:

  • democracy

  • oligarchy

  • monarchy

  • aristocracy

Explanation

Question 73 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that democracy is always the best form of government

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 74 of 90

1

Rousseau indicates that the government will never act in opposition to the sovereign

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 75 of 90

1

Rousseau states that elective aristocracies are better than hereditary aristocracies

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 76 of 90

1

According to Rousseau the mark of a good government is that

Select one of the following:

  • it has many artists

  • it has peace

  • its citizens increase and multiply

  • it conquers its neighbors

Explanation

Question 77 of 90

1

The three wills that compete for a magistrate's acceptance include the following except

Select one of the following:

  • general will of the individual

  • collective will of the magistrates

  • private will of the individual

  • general will of the sovereign

Explanation

Question 78 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that __________________ is the best form of government for very large states

Select one of the following:

  • Tyranny

  • Democracy

  • Aristocracy

  • monarchy

Explanation

Question 79 of 90

1

Which term encompasses all others, for Rousseau?

Select one of the following:

  • Governor

  • Magistrate

  • King

  • Prince

Explanation

Question 80 of 90

1

Rousseau argues that the sovereign must have regular, scheduled meetings in which it reexamines its commitment of the executive power to a particular form of government and to the particular members of the government

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 81 of 90

1

Which was not a requirement mentioned by Rousseau for the legitimate assembly of comitia?

Select one of the following:

  • the assembly had to be held on a day permitted by law

  • the magistrate calling the assembly had to have the proper authority

  • the auguries had to be favorable

  • the agenda had to be published beforehand

Explanation

Question 82 of 90

1

When voting on issues, which question does Rousseau want citizens to answer

Select one of the following:

  • Is the proposal advantageous to me?

  • Is this proposal harmful to our enemies

  • Is this proposal advantageous to the majority of citizens

  • Is this proposal advantageous to the state

Explanation

Question 83 of 90

1

When the general will is strongest, the commonwealth needs few laws

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 84 of 90

1

Rousseau argued that the general will is harmed by factions

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 85 of 90

1

The two considerations for determining how much of a majority is needed to pass

Select one of the following:

  • number of citizens and geographic size of the state

  • importance of the issue and need for a speedy decision

  • none: it always requires just over 50% of votes cast

  • The right to speak on the issue and the number of citizens

Explanation

Question 86 of 90

1

Rousseau opposes all censorship

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 87 of 90

1

Rousseau argued that all laws need to be passed by unanimous consent

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 88 of 90

1

Rousseau argued that once the commonwealth is established, residence is typically understood as consent to the social contract

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 89 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, dictators should occasionally be elected, but only for very brief terms

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 90 of 90

1

According to Rousseau, selection of government official in a democracy is best done by

Select one of the following:

  • Examination

  • Trial by fire

  • Lot

  • Election

Explanation

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