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Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau

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Quiz on Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, created by Jace Riley on 25/10/2014.
Jace Riley
Quiz by Jace Riley, updated more than 1 year ago
Jace Riley
Created by Jace Riley over 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Hobbes - The Second law of nature requires that
Answer
  • Natural inequalities among men be preserved by class distinctions
  • All men give up the same rights as all others
  • Slavery be forced upon those who violate the other laws
  • An arbiter not be biased

Question 2

Question
According to Hobbes the main difference between a belief in one God as opposed to many gods is that
Answer
  • The belief in one God comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in many gods comes from fear of the future.
  • Only a belief in many gods is based on truth and not an attempt to control others
  • The belief in many gods comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in God comes from fear of the future
  • Only a belief in God claims any supernatural or divine involvement with humans

Question 3

Question
According to Hobbes, the origin of religion is
Answer
  • Simple manipulation by tricky people
  • God simply gave men religion as a gift
  • Anxiety of things to come and a desire to protect oneself from bad things happening
  • Recognition of seasonal changes without a good explanation for why it happens

Question 4

Question
According to Hobbes, liberty is
Answer
  • Absence of opposition
  • only available in the Commonwealth
  • available to all subjects
  • for weaklings

Question 5

Question
According to Hobbes, a Free-Man is
Answer
  • one that is not hindered from doing what he wills and has the strength and wit to do
  • a subject of the true and living king
  • one that has escaped the state of nature
  • one that has escaped from slavery

Question 6

Question
Hobbes argues that liberty and necessity can function at the same time
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
Hobbes argues that the commonwealth
Answer
  • must limit the power of the sovereign
  • should always be governed by majority rule
  • is one artificial person
  • must encourage diversity

Question 8

Question
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command the death of a subject, but not that the subject yield his right of self preservation
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
According to Hobbes, covenants without sufficient force to support them are useless
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
The different types of commonwealth by institution include all of the following except,
Answer
  • monarchy
  • aristocracy
  • anarchy
  • democracy

Question 11

Question
According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign is different depending on whether he acquired power through acquisition or institution
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
According to Hobbes no one has the right to criticize the actions of a sovereign, since each subject is the author of those actions
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
According to Hobbes, the sovereign should be under the contract, and therefore may be removed easily from power
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
According to Hobbes, property exists in the state of nature
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
The right of nature
Answer
  • Allows all men liberty to use his own power as he will, and to protect his life and the means of improving his life
  • Prevents men from being happy
  • prevents any man from harming another
  • allows all men privacy

Question 16

Question
Hobbes - Command and council differ
Answer
  • counsel is offered with the interests of the hearer in mind
  • counsel is offered by one with authority
  • counsel is offered with the interests of the speaker in mind
  • counsel must be obeyed

Question 17

Question
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can legitimately command someone to commit suicide
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Groups formed by the authority of the sovereign are known as
Answer
  • Political bodies
  • writts
  • private parties
  • limited systems

Question 19

Question
According to Hobbes, it is better to have counselors meet all together than to hear their counsel individually
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
According to Hobbes, every crime is a sin, but not every sin is a crime
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
According to Hobbes, fear is most likely to deter someone from committing a crime, but people may also commit crimes due to fear
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
According to Hobbes, it is sometimes acceptable to protest the decrees of political bodies, but not the decrees of the sovereign
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
According to Hobbes, property
Answer
  • is a creation of the commonwealth and determined by the sovereign
  • exists in the state of nature
  • should always be determined by force
  • is an innate and inalienable right

Question 24

Question
Hobbes argues that political factions are necessary for a good government
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Hobbes refers to commerce as
Answer
  • Circulation
  • theft
  • sinews
  • nutrition

Question 26

Question
Who, according to Locke, has the right of reparation
Answer
  • the victim of the transgression
  • the sovereign
  • everyone
  • no one
  • the transgressor

Question 27

Question
Locke argues that, in the state of nature, all have the right to punish someone who transgresses natural law
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
According to Locke, slavery is justified in the state of war
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
According to Locke, there are no covenants outside the commonwealth
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
What is the limit on the natural right to property, according to Locke?
Answer
  • The sovereign's will
  • you cannot justly let things spoil in your possession
  • all private property is theft, all things should stay in common
  • there is no limit

Question 31

Question
Locke argues we may never lawfully harm another person
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Locke says that humans are all equal because
Answer
  • We all can kill each other
  • we all think we are smarter than everyone else
  • we are all unworthy of God's love
  • We are all creations and servants of God

Question 33

Question
According to Locke, natural law is derived from
Answer
  • hatred
  • physics
  • pythagorean theorem
  • reason

Question 34

Question
Locke argues that all private property can be traced to the inheritance of the oldest sons of Adam down to the present day
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Locke argues that liberty is equal to license, that is not being bound by any law
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Which is the determining rule in a commonwealth, according to Locke
Answer
  • The philosopher king knows best
  • majority rule
  • patriarchy: father knows best
  • might makes right

Question 37

Question
What is not needed i na commonwealth according to Locke?
Answer
  • A sovereign with arbitrary power over all property on a given territory
  • an established, disinterested (that is, not having a material stake in the outcome of controversy) judicature
  • an agreement of all members to give up their natural executive power to the sovereign, except for the immediate self-preservation
  • a known (published) law

Question 38

Question
According to Locke, the first society was
Answer
  • church
  • master-servant, emerging from the state of war
  • commonwealth
  • family

Question 39

Question
The main difference between Hobbes' social contract and Locke's social contract is that
Answer
  • Hobbes' contract includes all members, including the sovereign
  • Locke's contract includes all members, including the sovereign
  • Locke's contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Hobbes' doesnt
  • Hobbes' contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Locke's doesnt

Question 40

Question
According to Locke, which is not part of freedom
Answer
  • liberty of every one to do whatever he feels like
  • not being subject to the arbitrary will of another
  • use of reason
  • responsibility to act under the law

Question 41

Question
According to Locke, the power parents have over children
Answer
  • is the same as political power
  • arises from their duty to teach them reason
  • is vested only in the father, thus it is paternal power
  • lasts all their lives

Question 42

Question
According to Locke, the requirement to join a particular commonwealth is most closely linked to
Answer
  • paternal power: a child must remain in the same commonwealth as the father
  • the land the person claims as his own
  • the mother's membership
  • there are no such requirements: anyone can live anywhere and belong to any commonwealth

Question 43

Question
According to Locke, who is not part of civil society
Answer
  • slaves
  • wives
  • servants
  • children

Question 44

Question
According to Locke, the basic requirement for the exercise of freedom is
Answer
  • reason
  • caprice
  • cowardice
  • rebellion

Question 45

Question
Paternal power
Answer
  • gives the father absolute, arbitrary control over the child
  • is granted for life to him who begat the child
  • is granted for as long as the child is in his care, until the child reaches the ability to reason
  • can never be held by a woman

Question 46

Question
Unlike Hobbes, Locke argues that a promise made under threat of violence is not binding
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
Locke alls the power to engage the forces of one commonwealth in relation with another, for example entering alliances
Answer
  • permissive power
  • executive power
  • federative power
  • judicial power

Question 48

Question
The exercise of power which another has a right to is
Answer
  • democracy
  • aristocracy
  • monarchy
  • usurpation

Question 49

Question
"Power in the hands of the prince to provide for the public good in such cases which, depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct" is called
Answer
  • Salus Populi
  • Prerogative
  • Tyranny
  • Common law

Question 50

Question
According to Locke, the supreme form of political power is
Answer
  • judicial
  • executive
  • legislative
  • permissive

Question 51

Question
Rousseau argues that human nature can change depending on the conditions he is in
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
Rousseau's "noble savage" in the state of nature lives for the benefit of his family
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
According to Rousseau, the idea that leads men into civil society is
Answer
  • property
  • danger from outsiders
  • self-defense
  • family

Question 54

Question
According to Rousseau, the first type of society for humans was the
Answer
  • religious community
  • master-slave relationship
  • polis
  • family

Question 55

Question
One of the key traits that keep humans in the state of nature from harming each other, according to Rousseau, is
Answer
  • diffidence
  • pity
  • reason
  • competition

Question 56

Question
The goal that led to much corruption with the early groups of people was
Answer
  • love
  • acceptance
  • pity
  • public esteem

Question 57

Question
The two arts that produced a huge revolution in early societies were
Answer
  • writing and linguistics
  • science and painting
  • agriculture and metallurgy
  • religion and dance

Question 58

Question
Who benefitted most from the institution of the first social contracts?
Answer
  • the rich
  • the poor
  • the intelligent
  • the weak

Question 59

Question
What is the nature of Rousseau's social contract as sketched in the Discourse
Answer
  • All agree to form a monarchy, but bind the sovereign power
  • the sovereign simply conquers the subjects, and agrees not to kill them as long as they are obedient
  • all but the sovereign (or Magistrate) agree to give rights to the sovereign, but the sovereign does not enter into the agreement
  • the populace agrees to obey, while the magistrate agrees to use his/their powers only in accordance with the intention of the constituenths

Question 60

Question
What is the basis for inequality, according to Rousseau
Answer
  • natural differences in intelligence
  • natural differences in physical attributes
  • property
  • luck

Question 61

Question
Rousseau argues that no man justly can give up liberty
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
Rousseau argues that the right of war does not justify slavery
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 63

Question
Rousseau argues that social order is the basis of all other rights
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
According to Rousseau, the only natural society is the
Answer
  • city
  • commonwealth
  • family
  • state

Question 65

Question
According to Rousseau, the best legislator would be someone outside the commonwealth, although the laws would still have to be accepted by the sovereign
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
Rousseau argues that the notion of "might makes right" legitimizes rebellion
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
According to Rousseau, competition among factions is good for the society, as it creates political liberalism
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 68

Question
Like Hobbes, Rousseau argues that all individuals give all their rights to the sovereign, who is not under any obligations because he/they does/do not enter into the contract
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 69

Question
Rousseau argues that all citizens on an enemy state legitimately can be killed at any time
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
Rousseau argues that Hobbes' view of politics reduces men to so many herds of cattle to be devoured by the leader
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
Rousseau argues that the larger the state, the less liberty individuals have
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
The most vigorous government, according to Rousseau, is
Answer
  • democracy
  • oligarchy
  • monarchy
  • aristocracy

Question 73

Question
Rousseau argues that democracy is always the best form of government
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
Rousseau indicates that the government will never act in opposition to the sovereign
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
Rousseau states that elective aristocracies are better than hereditary aristocracies
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 76

Question
According to Rousseau the mark of a good government is that
Answer
  • it has many artists
  • it has peace
  • its citizens increase and multiply
  • it conquers its neighbors

Question 77

Question
The three wills that compete for a magistrate's acceptance include the following except
Answer
  • general will of the individual
  • collective will of the magistrates
  • private will of the individual
  • general will of the sovereign

Question 78

Question
Rousseau argues that __________________ is the best form of government for very large states
Answer
  • Tyranny
  • Democracy
  • Aristocracy
  • monarchy

Question 79

Question
Which term encompasses all others, for Rousseau?
Answer
  • Governor
  • Magistrate
  • King
  • Prince

Question 80

Question
Rousseau argues that the sovereign must have regular, scheduled meetings in which it reexamines its commitment of the executive power to a particular form of government and to the particular members of the government
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 81

Question
Which was not a requirement mentioned by Rousseau for the legitimate assembly of comitia?
Answer
  • the assembly had to be held on a day permitted by law
  • the magistrate calling the assembly had to have the proper authority
  • the auguries had to be favorable
  • the agenda had to be published beforehand

Question 82

Question
When voting on issues, which question does Rousseau want citizens to answer
Answer
  • Is the proposal advantageous to me?
  • Is this proposal harmful to our enemies
  • Is this proposal advantageous to the majority of citizens
  • Is this proposal advantageous to the state

Question 83

Question
When the general will is strongest, the commonwealth needs few laws
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 84

Question
Rousseau argued that the general will is harmed by factions
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 85

Question
The two considerations for determining how much of a majority is needed to pass
Answer
  • number of citizens and geographic size of the state
  • importance of the issue and need for a speedy decision
  • none: it always requires just over 50% of votes cast
  • The right to speak on the issue and the number of citizens

Question 86

Question
Rousseau opposes all censorship
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 87

Question
Rousseau argued that all laws need to be passed by unanimous consent
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 88

Question
Rousseau argued that once the commonwealth is established, residence is typically understood as consent to the social contract
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 89

Question
According to Rousseau, dictators should occasionally be elected, but only for very brief terms
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 90

Question
According to Rousseau, selection of government official in a democracy is best done by
Answer
  • Examination
  • Trial by fire
  • Lot
  • Election
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