Alberto Alejandro
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Midterm review

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Alberto Alejandro
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Modalities Mid Term - Rizvi

Question 1 of 45

1

Which of the following is not typically used in Evidence-based practice (EBP)?

Select one of the following:

  • What your coworkers do

  • Patient goals and values

  • Clinical expertise

  • Best current research evidence

Explanation

Question 2 of 45

1

The use of EBP in clinical decision-making skills benefits whom?

Select one of the following:

  • The profession

  • The clinician

  • All of the above

  • The patient

Explanation

Question 3 of 45

1

Which of the following is the first step in implementing EBP?

Select one of the following:

  • Applying the data

  • Appraising the data

  • Acquiring data

  • Asking a clinical question

Explanation

Question 4 of 45

1

Which of the following research designs has at least two groups, with one of them being a control group?

Select one of the following:

  • Nonexperimental

  • Quasi-experimental

  • Experimental

  • Case study

Explanation

Question 5 of 45

1

Which of the following terms is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience”?

Select one of the following:

  • Inflammation

  • Anesthesia

  • Pain

  • Analgesia

Explanation

Question 6 of 45

1

Pain, heat, erythema, edema, and loss of function are signs of which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Ischemia

  • Wound healing

  • Chronic pain

  • Inflammation

Explanation

Question 7 of 45

1

Chronic pain is pain that lasts longer than which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • 4 months

  • 3 months

  • 2 months

  • 1 month

Explanation

Question 8 of 45

1

Which of the following best describes the two main categories that an analgesic drug may fall into?

Select one of the following:

  • Toxic and non-toxic

  • Aspirin and NSAIDs

  • Narcotics and non-narcotics

  • Legal and illegal

Explanation

Question 9 of 45

1

Melzack and Wall proposed the gate control theory of pain perception. Which of the following is a psychological factor that they feel may influence pain response and perception?

Select one of the following:

  • Age

  • Gender

  • Past experience

  • Culture

Explanation

Question 10 of 45

1

Skin types with the greatest amounts of melanin will appear________ relative to those skin types with a lower amount of melanin present.

Select one of the following:

  • Tougher and scarred

  • Softer and more pliable

  • Darker

  • Lighter

Explanation

Question 11 of 45

1

The presence of a scar in the treatment area that is about to be treated with a thermal agent is only a factor if:

Select one of the following:

  • The scar is unremarkable

  • The scar tissue lacks sensation and vascularization

  • The scar is immature and not well vascularized

  • The scar is mature and well vascularized

Explanation

Question 12 of 45

1

Blanching is another term used to describe which of the following normal phenomenon?

Select one of the following:

  • An indication that excessive heat or cold has been applied

  • Capillary refill after pressure to the area is released

  • The appearance of fair-skinned individuals after exposure to heat

  • The response of arterioles to pressure

Explanation

Question 13 of 45

1

The patient that you are working with this afternoon has a palpable difference in skin temperature between the involved and uninvolved sides, with the involved side noticeably warmer than the uninvolved side. What could this potentially indicate if that area on that side also had an erythema?

Select one of the following:

  • That heat would potentially be indicated for this patient

  • That the involved side is actively inflamed

  • That one side has an active process taking place

  • Nothing in particular; you do not have enough information

Explanation

Question 14 of 45

1

A patient whom another clinician worked with yesterday is on your schedule for today. You were informed that the patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and that an attorney has been engaged to attempt to gain a large sum of money for the patient in a court case. Which of the following pain scales would be the most objective for you to use to attempt to gather data regarding the patient’s progress?

Select one of the following:

  • Visual analog scale

  • Numeric pain-rating scale

  • The McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire

  • All of the above are objective and equally reliable as long as they are administered correctly

Explanation

Question 15 of 45

1

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the response of muscles that have been subjected to a soft tissue injury whereby they temporarily protect the area and limit range of motion (ROM)?

Select one of the following:

  • Muscle guarding

  • Muscle spasm

  • Strain

  • Sprain

Explanation

Question 16 of 45

1

One of the patients whom you were working with last week was initially evaluated via
volumeter for the presence of edema in her nondominant left hand. Today is her fourth session and you have been asked to reassess the presence of edema. Which of the following scenarios is most likely and why?

Select one of the following:

  • You use a volumeter again and determine that the volume displaced today is less than it was on the first visit. She has improved.

  • You use a tape measure today to reassess her edema because it is negligible. She appears to have improved.

  • You use a volumeter again and compare left with right and there is no difference between the two hands. She has not improved.

  • You determine that you will not have enough time for edema assessment today but base her improvement status on function rather than on anything else. She can now make a fist, so she is functional.

Explanation

Question 17 of 45

1

Elevating the tissue temperature results in an increase in blood flow to the area, attributable in part to the vasodilatory response in surface blood vessels. What mechanism normally prevents excessive heat accumulation?

Select one of the following:

  • The increased blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively warmer from the circulatory system flows into the area

  • The increased blood flow moves heat into the area, and blood that is relatively warmer from the circulatory system flows into the area

  • The increased blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively cooler from the circulatory system flows into the area

  • The decreased blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively cooler from the circulatory system flows into the area

Explanation

Question 18 of 45

1

Hydrocollator packs, or hot packs, are one of the most commonly applied forms of superficial moist heat in the clinical environment. After a 20-minute application of a hot pack on a patient, how long will it take for the pack to reach the temperature of the water in the storage unit?

Select one of the following:

  • 5–10 minutes

  • 60 minutes

  • 30–40 minutes

  • 20–30 minutes

Explanation

Question 19 of 45

1

Muscle guarding is a protective mechanism to protect against potential pain and further injury or pain associated with joint movement. Heat application to relieve muscle guarding accomplishes all but which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Reduction of pain

  • Increase in ROM

  • Muscle relaxation

  • Increase in pain perception

Explanation

Question 20 of 45

1

A 30-year-old secretary has been evaluated by the physical therapist following a motor vehicle accident. The PTA used ultrasound to treat the pain and muscle guarding after palpating a small nodule in the upper trapezius. During the treatment, the patient complained of burning sensation under the transducer. What most likely caused the burning sensation?

Select one of the following:

  • b. Too low of an intensity was used during treatment

  • c. Too high of a frequency was used during treatment

  • a and b

  • a. The BNR of the transducer was too high

Explanation

Question 21 of 45

1

Every ultrasound transducer is tested in a lab to determine the quality of the energy as it leaves the head. The surface area of the transducer that is producing acoustical energy 5 mm from the surface of the transducer is referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • Acoustical streaming

  • Effective radiating area

  • Unstable cavitation

  • Beam nonuniformity ratio

Explanation

Question 22 of 45

1

Ultrasound primarily affects which of the following structures:

Select one of the following:

  • The hyaline cartilage in synovial joints

  • The cell membrane

  • The tendons

  • The arterioles

Explanation

Question 23 of 45

1

There is a relationship between the power of ultrasound and the intensity of ultrasound. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Select one of the following:

  • The power of ultrasound is a measure of the intensity of the acoustical energy delivered to each square centimeter of the transducer

  • The power of ultrasound is a measure of the electrical energy delivered to each square centimeter of the transducer

  • The intensity of ultrasound is a measure of the electrical energy delivered to each square centimeter of the transducer

Explanation

Question 24 of 45

1

The relative “weightlessness” that occurs when a body is immersed in water is owing to which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Viscosity

  • Specific gravity

  • Hydrostatic pressure

  • Buoyancy

Explanation

Question 25 of 45

1

Which of the following temperatures is considered therapeutic warmth?

Select one of the following:

  • 110°F

  • 100°F

  • 94°F

  • 92°F

Explanation

Question 26 of 45

1

Which of the following best describes the type of wound débridement provided by whirlpool hydrotherapy?

Select one of the following:

  • Sharp débridement

  • Enzymatic débridement

  • Nonselective débridement

  • Selective débridement

Explanation

Question 27 of 45

1

Which of the following is a property of water?

Select one of the following:

  • Circulatory stimulation

  • Specific heat

  • Hydration

  • Cleansing

Explanation

Question 28 of 45

1

Your 15-year-old patient sprained her ankle while wearing flip-flops and is coming to you for care in the outpatient clinic where you work. Her ankle is painful and swollen and has a small abrasion on the lateral malleolus from scraping against the concrete. The patient’s mother sprained her ankle 20 years ago and remembered receiving whirlpool therapy for her sprained ankle. She is curious to know why whirlpool is not being done for her daughter. Which of the following best explains the reason?

Select one of the following:

  • The warmth of the whirlpool and the dependent position of the lower extremity may increase edema and pain

  • It takes too long to prepare and clean up the whirlpool

  • Her wound is too small for the whirlpool

  • It is not on the doctor’s prescription

Explanation

Question 29 of 45

1

Which of the following best defines the term “traction”?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the same as friction

  • A piece of physical therapy equipment

  • A force that draws apart or pulls apart joint surfaces

  • The separation of joint surfaces

Explanation

Question 30 of 45

1

Which of the following is not a general treatment goal of traction?

Select one of the following:

  • Reduction of range of motion

  • Reduction of pain

  • Reduction of muscle guarding

  • Reduction of radicular signs and symptoms

Explanation

Question 31 of 45

1

Which of the following positions is the preferred position for cervical traction?

Select one of the following:

  • Hook-lying

  • Sitting

  • Prone

  • Supine

Explanation

Question 32 of 45

1

Which of the following percentages of body weight is necessary to overcome the frictional forces of the lower body (with a thoracic harness and in the absence of a split traction table)?

Select one of the following:

  • Three-quarters body weight

  • One-half body weight

  • One-fourth body weight

  • One-eighth body weight

Explanation

Question 33 of 45

1

Which of the following is not a potential contraindication for the use of traction?

Select one of the following:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Low back pain

  • Spinal cancers

  • Osteoporosis

Explanation

Question 34 of 45

1

Which of the following usually occurs with acute edema that occurs in conjunction with a normal venous and lymphatic system?

Select one of the following:

  • Lymphedema

  • Protein-rich edema

  • High-protein edema

  • Low-protein edema

Explanation

Question 35 of 45

1

Which of the following is the only mechanism that removes protein from the interstitial space?

Select one of the following:

  • Surgery

  • Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE)

  • Lymphatic system

  • Circulatory system

Explanation

Question 36 of 45

1

Which of the following best describes the type of massage that can reduce edema?

Select one of the following:

  • Retrograde massage

  • Effleurage

  • Transverse friction massage

  • Scar massage

Explanation

Question 37 of 45

1

Which of the following diagnoses would be most likely to benefit from complete decongestive therapy for edema management?

Select one of the following:

  • Congestive heart failure

  • Total knee replacement with infection

  • Postmastectomy with lymphedema

  • Acute ankle sprain

Explanation

Question 38 of 45

1

You are setting the parameters for your patient’s intermittent compression device. You took her blood pressure when she arrived in the clinic and it was 120/80 mm Hg. When deciding which compression pressure to set the device at, you determine which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • It shouldn’t be under 80 mm Hg, so you set the device to 100 mm Hg

  • It shouldn’t be over 80 mm Hg, so you set the device to 60 mm Hg

  • It shouldn’t be under 120 mm Hg, so you set the device to 140 mm Hg

  • It shouldn’t be over 120 mm Hg, so you set the device to 100 mm Hg

Explanation

Question 39 of 45

1

Which of the following statements best reflects how laser light differs from other forms of light?

Select one of the following:

  • Laser light is ionizing and white light is nonionizing

  • Laser light is noncollimating and white light is collimating

  • Laser light is monochromatic and white light is multichromatic

  • Laser is an acronym and white light is not an acronym

Explanation

Question 40 of 45

1

The application of diathermy as a potential treatment intervention in physical therapy is based upon which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Diathermy is not a heat source

  • As a heat source that works by conversion

  • As a convective heat source

  • As a conductive heat source

Explanation

Question 41 of 45

1

Which of the following represents a potential use for UV as a treatment intervention in physical therapy?

Select one of the following:

  • Killing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

  • Psoriasis

  • Preparing of wound beds for healing

  • UV is not a potential treatment intervention in physical therapy

Explanation

Question 42 of 45

1

What does a rainbow have to do with the EM spectrum?

Select one of the following:

  • A rainbow represents each of the colors of the EM spectrum and is identical to the light that a laser is capable of producing

  • A rainbow is a myth

  • A rainbow is an example of the visible wavelengths of light in the EM spectrum

  • A rainbow has nothing to do with the EM spectrum

Explanation

Question 43 of 45

1

If you decided to use anatomical pain drawings as part of a pain assessment for a patient,
which of the following would be the most important for you as a clinician to remember to do to assure that no information was lost?

Select one of the following:

  • Watch the patient complete the form

  • Place the form in the patient’s chart after it has been completed

  • Collect the form from the patient after it has been completed

  • Place the patient’s name on the form prior to giving it to him or her

Explanation

Question 44 of 45

1

Other than a manual muscle testing (MMT), what can be used to objectively and accurately
test the strength of muscles?

Select one of the following:

  • Isokinetic testing equipment

  • A dolorimeter

  • An EMG reading

  • ROM measurements

Explanation

Question 45 of 45

1

When sensory information reaches the brain, the information is integrated and interpreted
along with information about the temperature of the blood circulating through the hypothalamus. Which of the following mechanisms regulates temperature?

Select one of the following:

  • All of the above are examples of temperature regulation

  • Sweating, to lose heat

  • Shivering, to maintain heat

  • Vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Explanation

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