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Modalities Mid Term - Rizvi

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Midterm review
Alberto Alejandro
Quiz by Alberto Alejandro, updated more than 1 year ago
Alberto Alejandro
Created by Alberto Alejandro over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following is not typically used in Evidence-based practice (EBP)?
Answer
  • What your coworkers do
  • Patient goals and values
  • Clinical expertise
  • Best current research evidence

Question 2

Question
The use of EBP in clinical decision-making skills benefits whom?
Answer
  • The profession
  • The clinician
  • All of the above
  • The patient

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is the first step in implementing EBP?
Answer
  • Applying the data
  • Appraising the data
  • Acquiring data
  • Asking a clinical question

Question 4

Question
Which of the following research designs has at least two groups, with one of them being a control group?
Answer
  • Nonexperimental
  • Quasi-experimental
  • Experimental
  • Case study

Question 5

Question
Which of the following terms is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience”?
Answer
  • Inflammation
  • Anesthesia
  • Pain
  • Analgesia

Question 6

Question
Pain, heat, erythema, edema, and loss of function are signs of which of the following?
Answer
  • Ischemia
  • Wound healing
  • Chronic pain
  • Inflammation

Question 7

Question
Chronic pain is pain that lasts longer than which of the following?
Answer
  • 4 months
  • 3 months
  • 2 months
  • 1 month

Question 8

Question
Which of the following best describes the two main categories that an analgesic drug may fall into?
Answer
  • Toxic and non-toxic
  • Aspirin and NSAIDs
  • Narcotics and non-narcotics
  • Legal and illegal

Question 9

Question
Melzack and Wall proposed the gate control theory of pain perception. Which of the following is a psychological factor that they feel may influence pain response and perception?
Answer
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Past experience
  • Culture

Question 10

Question
Skin types with the greatest amounts of melanin will appear________ relative to those skin types with a lower amount of melanin present.
Answer
  • Tougher and scarred
  • Softer and more pliable
  • Darker
  • Lighter

Question 11

Question
The presence of a scar in the treatment area that is about to be treated with a thermal agent is only a factor if:
Answer
  • The scar is unremarkable
  • The scar tissue lacks sensation and vascularization
  • The scar is immature and not well vascularized
  • The scar is mature and well vascularized

Question 12

Question
Blanching is another term used to describe which of the following normal phenomenon?
Answer
  • An indication that excessive heat or cold has been applied
  • Capillary refill after pressure to the area is released
  • The appearance of fair-skinned individuals after exposure to heat
  • The response of arterioles to pressure

Question 13

Question
The patient that you are working with this afternoon has a palpable difference in skin temperature between the involved and uninvolved sides, with the involved side noticeably warmer than the uninvolved side. What could this potentially indicate if that area on that side also had an erythema?
Answer
  • That heat would potentially be indicated for this patient
  • That the involved side is actively inflamed
  • That one side has an active process taking place
  • Nothing in particular; you do not have enough information

Question 14

Question
A patient whom another clinician worked with yesterday is on your schedule for today. You were informed that the patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and that an attorney has been engaged to attempt to gain a large sum of money for the patient in a court case. Which of the following pain scales would be the most objective for you to use to attempt to gather data regarding the patient’s progress?
Answer
  • Visual analog scale
  • Numeric pain-rating scale
  • The McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire
  • All of the above are objective and equally reliable as long as they are administered correctly

Question 15

Question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the response of muscles that have been subjected to a soft tissue injury whereby they temporarily protect the area and limit range of motion (ROM)?
Answer
  • Muscle guarding
  • Muscle spasm
  • Strain
  • Sprain

Question 16

Question
One of the patients whom you were working with last week was initially evaluated via volumeter for the presence of edema in her nondominant left hand. Today is her fourth session and you have been asked to reassess the presence of edema. Which of the following scenarios is most likely and why?
Answer
  • You use a volumeter again and determine that the volume displaced today is less than it was on the first visit. She has improved.
  • You use a tape measure today to reassess her edema because it is negligible. She appears to have improved.
  • You use a volumeter again and compare left with right and there is no difference between the two hands. She has not improved.
  • You determine that you will not have enough time for edema assessment today but base her improvement status on function rather than on anything else. She can now make a fist, so she is functional.

Question 17

Question
Elevating the tissue temperature results in an increase in blood flow to the area, attributable in part to the vasodilatory response in surface blood vessels. What mechanism normally prevents excessive heat accumulation?
Answer
  • The increased blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively warmer from the circulatory system flows into the area
  • The increased blood flow moves heat into the area, and blood that is relatively warmer from the circulatory system flows into the area
  • The increased blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively cooler from the circulatory system flows into the area
  • The decreased blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively cooler from the circulatory system flows into the area

Question 18

Question
Hydrocollator packs, or hot packs, are one of the most commonly applied forms of superficial moist heat in the clinical environment. After a 20-minute application of a hot pack on a patient, how long will it take for the pack to reach the temperature of the water in the storage unit?
Answer
  • 5–10 minutes
  • 60 minutes
  • 30–40 minutes
  • 20–30 minutes

Question 19

Question
Muscle guarding is a protective mechanism to protect against potential pain and further injury or pain associated with joint movement. Heat application to relieve muscle guarding accomplishes all but which of the following?
Answer
  • Reduction of pain
  • Increase in ROM
  • Muscle relaxation
  • Increase in pain perception

Question 20

Question
A 30-year-old secretary has been evaluated by the physical therapist following a motor vehicle accident. The PTA used ultrasound to treat the pain and muscle guarding after palpating a small nodule in the upper trapezius. During the treatment, the patient complained of burning sensation under the transducer. What most likely caused the burning sensation?
Answer
  • b. Too low of an intensity was used during treatment
  • c. Too high of a frequency was used during treatment
  • a and b
  • a. The BNR of the transducer was too high

Question 21

Question
Every ultrasound transducer is tested in a lab to determine the quality of the energy as it leaves the head. The surface area of the transducer that is producing acoustical energy 5 mm from the surface of the transducer is referred to as
Answer
  • Acoustical streaming
  • Effective radiating area
  • Unstable cavitation
  • Beam nonuniformity ratio

Question 22

Question
Ultrasound primarily affects which of the following structures:
Answer
  • The hyaline cartilage in synovial joints
  • The cell membrane
  • The tendons
  • The arterioles

Question 23

Question
There is a relationship between the power of ultrasound and the intensity of ultrasound. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Answer
  • The power of ultrasound is a measure of the intensity of the acoustical energy delivered to each square centimeter of the transducer
  • The power of ultrasound is a measure of the electrical energy delivered to each square centimeter of the transducer
  • The intensity of ultrasound is a measure of the electrical energy delivered to each square centimeter of the transducer

Question 24

Question
The relative “weightlessness” that occurs when a body is immersed in water is owing to which of the following?
Answer
  • Viscosity
  • Specific gravity
  • Hydrostatic pressure
  • Buoyancy

Question 25

Question
Which of the following temperatures is considered therapeutic warmth?
Answer
  • 110°F
  • 100°F
  • 94°F
  • 92°F

Question 26

Question
Which of the following best describes the type of wound débridement provided by whirlpool hydrotherapy?
Answer
  • Sharp débridement
  • Enzymatic débridement
  • Nonselective débridement
  • Selective débridement

Question 27

Question
Which of the following is a property of water?
Answer
  • Circulatory stimulation
  • Specific heat
  • Hydration
  • Cleansing

Question 28

Question
Your 15-year-old patient sprained her ankle while wearing flip-flops and is coming to you for care in the outpatient clinic where you work. Her ankle is painful and swollen and has a small abrasion on the lateral malleolus from scraping against the concrete. The patient’s mother sprained her ankle 20 years ago and remembered receiving whirlpool therapy for her sprained ankle. She is curious to know why whirlpool is not being done for her daughter. Which of the following best explains the reason?
Answer
  • The warmth of the whirlpool and the dependent position of the lower extremity may increase edema and pain
  • It takes too long to prepare and clean up the whirlpool
  • Her wound is too small for the whirlpool
  • It is not on the doctor’s prescription

Question 29

Question
Which of the following best defines the term “traction”?
Answer
  • It is the same as friction
  • A piece of physical therapy equipment
  • A force that draws apart or pulls apart joint surfaces
  • The separation of joint surfaces

Question 30

Question
Which of the following is not a general treatment goal of traction?
Answer
  • Reduction of range of motion
  • Reduction of pain
  • Reduction of muscle guarding
  • Reduction of radicular signs and symptoms

Question 31

Question
Which of the following positions is the preferred position for cervical traction?
Answer
  • Hook-lying
  • Sitting
  • Prone
  • Supine

Question 32

Question
Which of the following percentages of body weight is necessary to overcome the frictional forces of the lower body (with a thoracic harness and in the absence of a split traction table)?
Answer
  • Three-quarters body weight
  • One-half body weight
  • One-fourth body weight
  • One-eighth body weight

Question 33

Question
Which of the following is not a potential contraindication for the use of traction?
Answer
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Low back pain
  • Spinal cancers
  • Osteoporosis

Question 34

Question
Which of the following usually occurs with acute edema that occurs in conjunction with a normal venous and lymphatic system?
Answer
  • Lymphedema
  • Protein-rich edema
  • High-protein edema
  • Low-protein edema

Question 35

Question
Which of the following is the only mechanism that removes protein from the interstitial space?
Answer
  • Surgery
  • Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE)
  • Lymphatic system
  • Circulatory system

Question 36

Question
Which of the following best describes the type of massage that can reduce edema?
Answer
  • Retrograde massage
  • Effleurage
  • Transverse friction massage
  • Scar massage

Question 37

Question
Which of the following diagnoses would be most likely to benefit from complete decongestive therapy for edema management?
Answer
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Total knee replacement with infection
  • Postmastectomy with lymphedema
  • Acute ankle sprain

Question 38

Question
You are setting the parameters for your patient’s intermittent compression device. You took her blood pressure when she arrived in the clinic and it was 120/80 mm Hg. When deciding which compression pressure to set the device at, you determine which of the following?
Answer
  • It shouldn’t be under 80 mm Hg, so you set the device to 100 mm Hg
  • It shouldn’t be over 80 mm Hg, so you set the device to 60 mm Hg
  • It shouldn’t be under 120 mm Hg, so you set the device to 140 mm Hg
  • It shouldn’t be over 120 mm Hg, so you set the device to 100 mm Hg

Question 39

Question
Which of the following statements best reflects how laser light differs from other forms of light?
Answer
  • Laser light is ionizing and white light is nonionizing
  • Laser light is noncollimating and white light is collimating
  • Laser light is monochromatic and white light is multichromatic
  • Laser is an acronym and white light is not an acronym

Question 40

Question
The application of diathermy as a potential treatment intervention in physical therapy is based upon which of the following?
Answer
  • Diathermy is not a heat source
  • As a heat source that works by conversion
  • As a convective heat source
  • As a conductive heat source

Question 41

Question
Which of the following represents a potential use for UV as a treatment intervention in physical therapy?
Answer
  • Killing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • Psoriasis
  • Preparing of wound beds for healing
  • UV is not a potential treatment intervention in physical therapy

Question 42

Question
What does a rainbow have to do with the EM spectrum?
Answer
  • A rainbow represents each of the colors of the EM spectrum and is identical to the light that a laser is capable of producing
  • A rainbow is a myth
  • A rainbow is an example of the visible wavelengths of light in the EM spectrum
  • A rainbow has nothing to do with the EM spectrum

Question 43

Question
If you decided to use anatomical pain drawings as part of a pain assessment for a patient, which of the following would be the most important for you as a clinician to remember to do to assure that no information was lost?
Answer
  • Watch the patient complete the form
  • Place the form in the patient’s chart after it has been completed
  • Collect the form from the patient after it has been completed
  • Place the patient’s name on the form prior to giving it to him or her

Question 44

Question
Other than a manual muscle testing (MMT), what can be used to objectively and accurately test the strength of muscles?
Answer
  • Isokinetic testing equipment
  • A dolorimeter
  • An EMG reading
  • ROM measurements

Question 45

Question
When sensory information reaches the brain, the information is integrated and interpreted along with information about the temperature of the blood circulating through the hypothalamus. Which of the following mechanisms regulates temperature?
Answer
  • All of the above are examples of temperature regulation
  • Sweating, to lose heat
  • Shivering, to maintain heat
  • Vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels
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