Kelly Kinsinger
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Veterinary Medicine Quiz on Pharmacology Vet 202 Chapter Nine Study Guide, created by Kelly Kinsinger on 30/10/2018.

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Pharmacology Vet 202 Chapter Nine Study Guide

Question 1 of 25

1

The drug of choice for managing seizures long term is an oral barbiturate that has the benefit of being relatively inexpensive while having an extensive half-life. What is this drug?

Select one of the following:

  • Diazepam

  • Phenobarbital

  • Xylazine

  • Potassium bromide

  • Pentobarbital

Explanation

Question 2 of 25

1

Over time, barbiturate use results in upregulation of the enzymes responsible for the drug’s breakdown. This phenomenon is known as enzyme __________________.

Select one of the following:

  • tolerance

  • anabolism

  • induction

  • inactivation

  • modulation

Explanation

Question 3 of 25

1

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer that, in contrast to phenobarbital which is used as a long-term anti-seizure medication, is instead used as an emergency IV drug for use during an active convulsion. All of the following are characteristics of diazepam except one. Which choice is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • The mode of action is stimulation of GABA

  • Oral dosing is severely limited by an extensive first-pass effect

  • Tends to cause withdrawal signs after abruptly ceasing use

  • Good choice for a dog with a history of aggression that is controlled with obedience training

Explanation

Question 4 of 25

1

Which of the following is a property of potassium bromide?

Select one of the following:

  • Half-life exceeds 3 weeks

  • Drug of choice for cats with seizures

  • Often used as the sole therapy for seizures

  • Antagonizes the effect of phenobarbital if given concurrently

Explanation

Question 5 of 25

1

There are several mechanisms of action for behavior-modifying drugs used in veterinary medicine. Which of the following is not considered one of these mechanisms?

Select one of the following:

  • Modifying neurotransmitter release

  • Imitating a neurotransmitter in an agonistic or antagonistic manner

  • Modifying neurotransmitter duration by altering chemical breakdown capability

  • Stimulate euphoria by binding to the µ opioid receptor

Explanation

Question 6 of 25

1

Which neurotransmitter does acepromazine antagonize to decrease anxiety in both humans and veterinary patients?

Select one of the following:

  • Seratonin

  • Dopamine

  • Glycine

  • GABA

Explanation

Question 7 of 25

1

Which of the following classes of antidepressant medications function by modifying the activity of enzymes that are responsible for the biotransformation of neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 8 of 25

1

What is the general role of the neurotransmitter serotonin?

Select one of the following:

  • Mood determinant

  • Starting material for catecholamine production

  • Central nervous system inhibition

  • Increase parasympathetic nervous system tone

Explanation

Question 9 of 25

1

What is primidone’s primary mechanism of activity?

Select one of the following:

  • Directly increases activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine

  • Directly decreases the activity of the excitatory neurotransmitter norepinephrine

  • Is metabolized to phenobarbital, so functions to stimulate GABA

  • Agonism of 2-adrenergic receptors

Explanation

Question 10 of 25

1

An uncommonly used unit of measurement that is often used in conjunction with barbiturates is the grain. What is the size in milligrams of a 2-grain phenobarbital tablet?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 mg

  • 20 mg

  • 120 mg

  • 200 mg

Explanation

Question 11 of 25

1

Seizures generally originate from the brain but seizure activity can also arise from other causes. Veterinary technicians should always consider these other sources except:

Select one of the following:

  • hypoxia.

  • hypoglycemia.

  • hypocalcemia.

  • hypothermia.

Explanation

Question 12 of 25

1

________________ is the term used to describe seizure activity that is prolonged and can result in positive feedback where muscle activity increases temperature and increase seizure activity.

Select one of the following:

  • Idiopathic

  • Status epilepticus

  • Prodromal phase

  • Postictal phase

Explanation

Question 13 of 25

1

Phenobarbital used to control seizures has a well-established therapeutic range for dogs but dosages vary widely based upon:

Select one of the following:

  • weight of the animal.

  • how the individual metabolizes the drug.

  • frequency of seizures.

  • animals age.

Explanation

Question 14 of 25

1

Side effects of using phenobarbital to control seizure activity in dogs include

Select one of the following:

  • ataxia.

  • polyuria.

  • polyphagia.

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 15 of 25

1

Phenobarbital induced hepatotoxicity:

Select one of the following:

  • is idiosyncratic in dogs.

  • happens more often in cats.

  • is a common occurrence.

  • causes kidney failure.

Explanation

Question 16 of 25

1

On an animal that is not responding particularly well to phenobarbital or the phenobarbital/bromide combination for long-term seizure control, all of the following drugs might be tried except:

Select one of the following:

  • Clomicalm.

  • levetricetam.

  • gabapentin.

  • zonisamide.

Explanation

Question 17 of 25

1

Drugs that “lyse” anxiety or decrease fear responses are called:

Select one of the following:

  • antipsychotic drugs.

  • anxiolytic drugs.

  • antidepressant drugs.

  • major tranquilizers.

Explanation

Question 18 of 25

1

Three classes of antidepressant drugs used in human beings have also found use in veterinary medicine include all except:

Select one of the following:

  • monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)

  • tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s)

  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)

  • gamma () aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Explanation

Question 19 of 25

1

Clomipramine’s FDA–approved indication is for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders in dogs. A more common use of clomipramine in veterinary medicine is for:

Select one of the following:

  • treatment of separation anxiety.

  • treatment of depression.

  • treatment of seizures.

  • treatment of epilepsy.

Explanation

Question 20 of 25

1

Plasma phenobarbital concentrations achieved with any given dose vary considerably from patient to patient. Therefore, the only way to ensure a dosage regimen is adequate is to

Select one of the following:

  • monitor the animal’s behavior.

  • check blood levels of phenobarbital.

  • check frequent blood chemistry panels.

  • monitor the animal’s urine output.

Explanation

Question 21 of 25

1

When considering neurotransmitter-modifying drugs for behavior therapy, which of the following is true?

Select one of the following:

  • Use of these drugs provides an immediate response

  • Once an effective dose is determined, no further adjustments are needed

  • Every animal responds differently to these drugs

  • Allows for optimal behavior modification without requiring training

Explanation

Question 22 of 25

1

Potassium bromide is used as an adjunct drug for treating seizures when standard doses of barbiturates prove ineffective alone. Considering the long 3-week half-life of potassium bromide, how would you determine the length of time it takes to reach a steady state when using this drug daily?

Select one of the following:

  • 10.5 days

  • 21 days

  • 21 weeks

  • 105 days

  • 201 Days

Explanation

Question 23 of 25

1

Which of the following is not a side effect of barbiturate use?

Select one of the following:

  • Polyphagia

  • Polydactyly

  • Polydipsia

  • Polyuria

Explanation

Question 24 of 25

1

What is the portion of the brain that controls animal emotion and is thus targeted for alteration by behavior-modifying drugs?

Select one of the following:

  • Cerebrum

  • Cerebellum

  • Limbic region

  • Pituitary gland

  • Pineal gland

Explanation

Question 25 of 25

1

In addition to treating behavioral problems, selegiline is also used to treat this condition in dogs.

Select one of the following:

  • Cushing’s disease

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • Pituitary dwarfism

  • Hypoadrenocorticism

Explanation

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