Danielle Easton
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Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final

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Danielle Easton
Created by Danielle Easton over 9 years ago
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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

Question 1 of 93

1

Berkeley was a rationalist

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 93

1

Which of the following claims does Locke believe?

Select one of the following:

  • All knowledge comes through experience.

  • All experience is experience of ideas.

  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 3 of 93

1


Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 93

1


Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 93

1

According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 93

1


According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 93

1

Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 93

1

"Esse est percipi " means

Select one of the following:

  • I think therefore I am.

  • To be or not to be.

  • We are born a blank slate.

  • To be is to be perceived.

Explanation

Question 9 of 93

1

According to Berkeley,

Select one of the following:

  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.

  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.

  • Only the mental world exists.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 10 of 93

1

According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 93

1

According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them

Select one of the following:

  • rationalism and empiricism.

  • impressions and ideas

  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.

  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Explanation

Question 12 of 93

1

One difference between impressions and ideas is that

Select one of the following:

  • ideas are copies of impressions.

  • impressions are copies of ideas.

  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Explanation

Question 13 of 93

1


According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,

Select one of the following:

  • it has no meaning.

  • it is false.

  • it must be believed by faith.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 14 of 93

1


Which of the following is a relation of ideas?

Select one of the following:

  • Murder causes pain.

  • Barking dogs bark.

  • All emerelds are green.

  • God loves everyone.

Explanation

Question 15 of 93

1

Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?

Select one of the following:

  • All bachelors are unmarried.

  • The earth is flat, not round

  • All triangles have four sides.

  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Explanation

Question 16 of 93

1


Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 93

1

If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 93

1

According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 93

1

According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 93

1


According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 93

1

Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 93

1

On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 93

1


Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 93

1


According to Parfit,

Select one of the following:


  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.

  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.

  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 25 of 93

1


According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 93

1

According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 93

1

According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is

Select one of the following:

  • that it ignores the soul

  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.

  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 28 of 93

1


When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 93

1

According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 93

1

According to Hume,

Select one of the following:

  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.

  • the self does not exist.

  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 31 of 93

1


Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 93

1

Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 93

1

Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 34 of 93

1


Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 93

1

Theism is the belief that God exists.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 93

1

God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 93

1

God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 93

1

God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 93

1


God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 93

1

God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 93

1

God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 42 of 93

1

The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 43 of 93

1

Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?

Select one of the following:

  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.

  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.

  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 44 of 93

1


Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 93

1

According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 46 of 93

1

One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?

Select one of the following:

  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.

  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.

  • Both of the above.

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 47 of 93

1

Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 48 of 93

1

Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?

Select one of the following:

  • A belief in hell

  • a belief that God exists

  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men

  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Explanation

Question 49 of 93

1

Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 93

1

Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 51 of 93

1

According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 52 of 93

1


One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is

Select one of the following:

  • the teleological argument.

  • the first cause argument.

  • the design argument.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 53 of 93

1

According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • The universe has a first cause.

  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.

  • The first cause must have been a person.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 54 of 93

1

According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 55 of 93

1

Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 56 of 93

1

What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?

Select one of the following:

  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.

  • Craig gives historical evidence.

  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 57 of 93

1

According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 58 of 93

1


According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 59 of 93

1

Another name for the teleological argument is

Select one of the following:

  • the design argument.

  • the moral argument.

  • the cosmological argument.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 60 of 93

1

In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 61 of 93

1


The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 93

1

Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?

Select one of the following:

  • Omnipotence and omniscience

  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence

  • Omnibenevolence and personhood

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 63 of 93

1

There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 64 of 93

1

There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 65 of 93

1

If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 66 of 93

1

According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 67 of 93

1

An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.

Select one of the following:

  • the cosmological argument.

  • the teleological argument.

  • the problem of evil.

  • the watchmaker argument.

Explanation

Question 68 of 93

1

According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 69 of 93

1

According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 70 of 93

1


Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 71 of 93

1

Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?

Select one of the following:

  • a. utilitarianism

  • b. egoism

  • c. kantianism

  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Explanation

Question 72 of 93

1

Which of the following is a descriptive theory?

Select one of the following:

  • ethical egoism

  • deontology

  • utilitarianism

  • psychological egosim

Explanation

Question 73 of 93

1

Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 74 of 93

1

Mill is a moral rationalist

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 75 of 93

1

The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 76 of 93

1

If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 77 of 93

1

If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 78 of 93

1

A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 79 of 93

1

Kant's primary moral principle is called

Select one of the following:

  • a. The Categorical Imperative

  • b. The Principle of Utility

  • c. The Ontology Maxism

  • d. None of the above

Explanation

Question 80 of 93

1

John Stuart Mill is

Select one of the following:

  • An empirist

  • A hedonist

  • A utilitarian

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 81 of 93

1

A formal fallacy

Select one of the following:

  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
    The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
    The lamp is not on
    Therefore there is no power in the outlet
    You can see by the form alone it is invalid

  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument
    The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
    Atoms are invisible

    Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Explanation

Question 82 of 93

1

An Informal Fallacy

Select one of the following:

  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
    The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
    The lamp is not on
    Therefore there is no power in the outlet
    You can see by the form alone it is invalid

  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument
    The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
    Atoms are invisible
    Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Explanation

Question 83 of 93

1

A False Cause fallacy

Select one of the following:

  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.

  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.

  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated

    Correlation does not mean causation

  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Explanation

Question 84 of 93

1

Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes.
His argument is invalid because he is rich.

This is an example of what type of fallacy?

Select one of the following:

  • Hasty Generalization

  • Ad Hominem

  • Appeal to ignorance

  • Straw Man

Explanation

Question 85 of 93

1

Appeal to Pity:

Select one of the following:

  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.

  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated

  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Explanation

Question 86 of 93

1

Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August.
Is an example of:

Select one of the following:

  • Straw Man

  • Argumentum to populum

  • Hasty Generalization

  • Begging the question

Explanation

Question 87 of 93

1

Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 88 of 93

1

Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 89 of 93

1

Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 90 of 93

1

An example of Begging the question would be:

Select one of the following:

  • Some triangles are obtuse
    Whatever is obtuse is ignorant

    Therefore, some triangles are ignorant

  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."

  • The few, the proud, the marines

  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Explanation

Question 91 of 93

1

An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 92 of 93

1

Equivocation:

Select one of the following:

  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.

  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument

  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue

  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Explanation

Question 93 of 93

1

The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:

Select one of the following:

  • Equivocation

  • Begging the question

  • Argumentum to populum

  • None of the above

Explanation

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