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A2 level Sociology (Poverty) Quiz on Sociology - poverty quiz, created by eharveyhudl on 21/01/2015.

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Sociology - poverty quiz

Question 1 of 113

1

What is absolute poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Being poor in comparison to others in society

  • Being unable to afford things that are essential to live a healthy life

Explanation

Question 2 of 113

1

One in three children in Scotland live in poverty.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 113

1

What are the strengths of using absolute poverty as a definition? (two correct)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Matches most people's understanding

  • It accounts for different variations of 'healthy'

  • Good for comparing globally

Explanation

Question 4 of 113

1

People who run homeless shelters may want to define poverty because they want to help people who are most desperate

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 113

1

What are the weaknesses of using absolute poverty as a definition? (three correct)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Doesn't account for variations of healthy

  • Difficult to measure

  • Less relevant to countries with a good welfare state

  • Ignores social aspects

Explanation

Question 6 of 113

1

Absolute poverty is often associated with people in the developing world

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 113

1

Rowntree measured relative poverty

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 113

1

What did Rowntree's budget standard include? (three correct)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Food

  • Make up

  • Rent

  • TV

  • Phones

  • Clothing

Explanation

Question 9 of 113

1

By 1950, Rowntree said poverty was a major problem

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 113

1

Secondary poverty is not having enough money to live a healthy life (even if all money is spent wisely)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 113

1

Secondary poverty is having enough money to live a healthy lifestyle but not doing so because money isn't spent on necessities e.g buying alcohol instead of fruit

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 113

1

A problem with Rowntree's research is that it asks experts, so ignores what poor people think is important for a healthy life

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 113

1

Rowntree's research includes things that people need to be able to afford to get out of poverty e.g afford transport to get to work

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 113

1

Gordon and Townsend used a budget standards approach and they worked out an LCA

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 113

1

LCA stands for Low Cost but Acceptable

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 113

1

Gordon and Townsend measured absolute poverty by looking at 7 basic needs. Which of the following were included?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Shoes

  • Information

  • Alcohol

  • Food

  • Education

Explanation

Question 17 of 113

1

What is relative poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • When people cannot afford a living standard experienced by most of society

  • When people cannot afford the basic things necessary for a healthy life

  • When people themselves think they are poor

Explanation

Question 18 of 113

1

What are the strengths of using a relative definition of poverty?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Useful when comparing globally as normal living standards don't vary much

  • More relevant to societies with a good welfare state where absolute poverty has largely been removed

  • Looks at social aspects because it accounts for people not being able to fully participate in society

Explanation

Question 19 of 113

1

What are the weaknesses of using relative poverty as a definition?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Over-estimates levels of poverty by comparing people to the average, as living standards in the UK are high

  • Useful when comparing globally

  • Less useful when comparing globally as normal living standards vary

Explanation

Question 20 of 113

1

Mack and Lansely used a deprivation index to measure relative poverty in 1979

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 113

1

Which of these are examples on Townsend's deprivation index?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Never had a holiday

  • Not having a cooked breakfast most days of the week

  • Children - not having a party on their last birthday

Explanation

Question 22 of 113

1

A weakness of Townsend's deprivation index is that items may have been lacked by choice.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 113

1

Mack and Lansley used a consensus approach for their deprivation index

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 113

1

How many people did Mack and Lansley find were in poverty?

Select one or more of the following:

  • 3 million

  • 800,000

  • 7.5 million

Explanation

Question 25 of 113

1

How do the government measure poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • LCA (Low cost but acceptable)

  • HBAI (Households below average income)

Explanation

Question 26 of 113

1

With the government measurement of poverty, households with less than 60% of the median British income are in relative poverty.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 113

1

What are the strengths of HBAI measurement of relative poverty?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Allows European poverty rates to be compared

  • Accounts for people who have a disability and their extra costs of living

  • Useful for governments when setting benefits because it is an income level

Explanation

Question 28 of 113

1

What are the weaknesses of the HBAI measurements of poverty?

Select one or more of the following:

  • HBAI doesn't account for how cost of living varies across the country e.g London

  • Doesn't account for the extra costs of having a disability

  • Not useful for setting benefits

Explanation

Question 29 of 113

1

Subjective poverty is whether sociologists think a person is poor based on a deprivation index

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 113

1

What is the strength of subjective poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Based on an income level so useful for setting benefits

  • Looks at psychological aspects - how people feel about their own situation

Explanation

Question 31 of 113

1

How is subjective poverty measured?

Select one of the following:

  • Deprivation index

  • Financial satisfaction 0-10 scale

Explanation

Question 32 of 113

1

Define social exclusion

Select one of the following:

  • Being unable to fully participate in society due to poor housing or lack of money

  • Being unable to access life chances and opportunities experienced by most of society

Explanation

Question 33 of 113

1

What are examples of social exclusion in rural areas?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Lack of jobs

  • Lacking access to public transport

  • Lack of affordable housing

Explanation

Question 34 of 113

1

What are some examples of social exclusion in urban areas?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Lack of jobs

  • Lack of access to living in a safe environment due to high crime

  • Lack of affordable housing due to rent in cities being harder

Explanation

Question 35 of 113

1

A weakness of social exclusion is that it is difficult for governments to use because it is not an income level

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 113

1

What are the strengths of using social exclusion as a definition?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Highlights how being poor is more complex than lacking money e.g someone in a village is more likely to be socially excluded than someone living in a city

  • An income level so easy for governments to use

Explanation

Question 37 of 113

1

What is the definition of wealth?

Select one of the following:

  • Any money coming into the household on a regular basis e.g a wage

  • Ownership of assets e.g property and savings. These assets have value, but are extra to day to day living costs

Explanation

Question 38 of 113

1

A problem with measuring wealth is whether to include pensions, as they cannot be sold on to anyone else

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 113

1

Define marketable wealth.

Select one of the following:

  • Any asset you own but can also be sold e.g car

  • Something you own but can't sell e.g pension

Explanation

Question 40 of 113

1

Which of the following is the definition of non-marketable wealth?

Select one of the following:

  • Things the owner uses e.g car

  • Something you own but can't sell e.g pension

Explanation

Question 41 of 113

1

What is productive wealth?

Select one of the following:

  • When something you own provides an income e.g owning a house that you rent out

  • Any asset you own that can be sold e.g car

Explanation

Question 42 of 113

1

Define consumption wealth

Select one of the following:

  • Things that the owner uses e.g car

  • When an asset provides an income e.g owning a property that you rent out

Explanation

Question 43 of 113

1

Inheritance Tax is calculated by the Office of National Statistics to produce estimates about wealth

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 44 of 113

1

The wealth and assets survey is produced by Office for National Statistics - a survey on household interviews across GB

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 113

1

What is concealment of assets?

Select one of the following:

  • When people do not admit the amount of wealth they have, to avoid paying tax on them

  • When people say things to make them look good

Explanation

Question 46 of 113

1

Social desirability effect is when people say something to make you look good e.g pretending you have more wealth than you do

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 47 of 113

1

What is the definition of income?

Select one of the following:

  • Any money coming into the household on a regular basis e.g wage

  • Money generated from work

Explanation

Question 48 of 113

1

What is earned income?

Select one of the following:

  • Income before income tax is deducted

  • Income generated from actual work

Explanation

Question 49 of 113

1

Define unearned income

Select one of the following:

  • Income generated from work

  • Income not generated from actual work e.g rent given by tenants on a house you own

Explanation

Question 50 of 113

1

How is income measured?

Select one of the following:

  • Family resources survey - collects information on the income of household in UK using face to face interviews

  • Wealth and assets survey - Large survey based on household interviews in the UK

Explanation

Question 51 of 113

1

How can people hide the income they earn?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Working 'cash in hand'

  • Giving it to people they know

  • Declaring things as expenses to pay less income tax

Explanation

Question 52 of 113

1

Which of the following are attempts at reducing wealth inequality?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inheritance Tax - paid on an estate when somebody dies, if it is over £325,000. To avoid wealth being passed on within families

  • Direct tax - taken from wages, the more you earn, the more tax you pay

  • Capital gains tax - reduce profits from selling a property if you own more than one

Explanation

Question 53 of 113

1

What are examples of taxes to reduce income inequality?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Indirect taxes - added to things you buy e.g VAT

  • Capital gains tax - Reduce profits from selling a property if the person owns more than one

  • Direct tax - taken straight from wages, the more you earn the more you pay in tax

  • Cash benefits - given by the state to supplement low incomes e.g working tax credits

  • Benefits in kind - provided by state, freely available e.g state education

Explanation

Question 54 of 113

1

Tax evasion is illegal and is when people do not declare their wealth to the Inland Revenue e.g working cash in hand

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 55 of 113

1

What percentage of lone parents live in relative poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • 39%

  • 61%

Explanation

Question 56 of 113

1

Why are lone parents vulnerable to poverty?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Higher than average levels of unemployment

  • They can rely on more than one income

  • Working in high paid jobs

  • If working, more likely to be working part-time

Explanation

Question 57 of 113

1

Functionalists say that the welfare state is too generous with benefits for lone parents which discourages them from working as they can rely on benefits.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 58 of 113

1

What percentage of lone parents are unemployed?

Select one of the following:

  • 31%

  • 60%

Explanation

Question 59 of 113

1

Why might large families be in poverty?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Their children can work

  • Income has to spread further e.g more food

  • Childcare costs are higher

Explanation

Question 60 of 113

1

Which of the following is the statistics from the Rowntree foundation about poverty and gender?

Select one of the following:

  • 21% of women live in low income households compared to 19% of men

  • 19% of women live in low income households compared to 17% of men

Explanation

Question 61 of 113

1

Feminists say that women are more likely than men to be in hidden poverty

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 113

1

Which of these is the definition of the primary labour market?

Select one of the following:

  • Full-time, permanent work which tends to be dominated by men

  • Low-pay, low skill jobs which are usually part-time

Explanation

Question 63 of 113

1

How many children in the UK live in poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • 1 in 6

  • 1 in 10

Explanation

Question 64 of 113

1

What are the reasons why children are prone to poverty? (research from Banardos) - 4 correct answers

Select one or more of the following:

  • Living in lone parent families - Lone parents have high levels of unemployment and low out of work benefits

  • Living in large families - Higher rates of unemployment due to unaffordable childcare costs, and having to buy more food, uniforms etc

  • Not working themselves - families rely on only one or two incomes

  • Having a disability - Costs an additional £99 per week to bring up a disabled child

  • Households with parents in low paid jobs - Given less training, therefore less progression, keeping them trapped in poverty

Explanation

Question 65 of 113

1

How many pensioners live in poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • 1 in 3

  • 1 in 6

Explanation

Question 66 of 113

1

What are possible reasons why female pensioners may have higher poverty rates than male pensioners?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Age concern found that women receive less pension than their husbands

  • Women on average, live longer than men so their retirement savings run out and they have less savings than men in the first place

  • Higher than average levels of unemployment

Explanation

Question 67 of 113

1

Why might the elderly have lower income levels?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Welfare benefits they receive are inadequate

  • If they didn't save up enough for a private pension

  • Ageism - employers think they're not capable or too old/ill

Explanation

Question 68 of 113

1

To live a good quality of life, how much extra would a disabled person need, on top of welfare benefits?

Select one of the following:

  • £300 a week

  • £200 a week

  • £250 a week

Explanation

Question 69 of 113

1

What year was the disability act introduced?

Select one of the following:

  • 1884

  • 2005

Explanation

Question 70 of 113

1

What is the ethnic group with the highest rate of poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Bangladeshis (70%) and Pakistanis (60%)

  • Pakistanis (60%) and Black Africans (50%)

Explanation

Question 71 of 113

1

Why do Bangladeshis and Pakistanis have high poverty rates?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Women from these ethnic groups are more likely to not want paid work thank other ethnicities

  • Unemployment rates 3x higher for them than other ethnicities

  • Live 20% longer than other ethnicities

Explanation

Question 72 of 113

1

Horizontal segregation is when different ethnic groups are concentrated in different employment sectors (tend to be low skilled, low paid)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 73 of 113

1

Black African men are concentrated in manufacturing industry

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 74 of 113

1

Chinese people are concentrated in the catering industry

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 75 of 113

1

Which is the ethnic group with the lowest rates of academic achievement, where only 49% achieve 5 or more A* to C at GCSE?

Select one of the following:

  • Black Carribeans

  • Bangladeshis

  • Indians

Explanation

Question 76 of 113

1

Chinese is the ethnic group with the highest rate of academic achievement, with 79% achieiving 5 or more A* to Cs at GCSE?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 77 of 113

1

What percentage of ethnic minority groups live in deprived areas?

Select one of the following:

  • 70%

  • 50%

  • 85%

Explanation

Question 78 of 113

1

Which ethnic minority group experience the most discrimination in the workplace?

Select one of the following:

  • Muslims

  • Black Africans

  • Bangladeshis

Explanation

Question 79 of 113

1

Which of these is the definition of institutional racism?

Select one of the following:

  • When customers and staff of an institution have been found to project racist behaviour

  • How the day to day practices of an institution have racist outcomes

Explanation

Question 80 of 113

1

What is an example of institutional racism?

Select one of the following:

  • Job adverts not being available in different languages

  • Ignoring a member of staff who is of an ethnic minority

Explanation

Question 81 of 113

1

Define the Marxist term reserve army of labour?

Select one of the following:

  • A group of workers who seek part-time work, due to reasons such as childcare

  • Workers who are used when needed, but disposed of when their labour is no longer needed

Explanation

Question 82 of 113

1

Who do cultural explanations blame for poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Society

  • Government

  • Individual

Explanation

Question 83 of 113

1

Which sociologist has the Culture of Poverty theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Flaherty

  • Oscar Lewis

  • Murray

Explanation

Question 84 of 113

1

What is the definition of a culture of poverty by Oscar Lewis?

Select one of the following:

  • People in poverty are made to form a separate culture due to the way society causes them to be social exclusion

  • People in poverty develop a culture with norms and values which prevent them escaping poverty e.g fatalistic

Explanation

Question 85 of 113

1

What are the components of the culture of poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Individual characteristics, work characteristics and wealth characteristics

  • Individual characteristics, family characteristics and community characteristics

Explanation

Question 86 of 113

1

Who are the two New Right theorists?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Murray and Marsland

  • Connell and Flaherty

Explanation

Question 87 of 113

1

Culture of dependency is a Marxist idea

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 88 of 113

1

Culture of dependency is where people rely on the welfare state to provide for them, instead of getting a job

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 89 of 113

1

Who offered an alternative view to Murray's underclass?

Select one of the following:

  • Lewis

  • Craine

Explanation

Question 90 of 113

1

Define cycle of poverty

Select one of the following:

  • Cycle of poverty explains why poverty persist over generations

  • Cycle of poverty explains what individuals do to cause the persistence of their poverty

Explanation

Question 91 of 113

1

According to Lewis, what causes a culture of poverty to develop?

Select one of the following:

  • Factors caused by the individual e.g not taking job opportunities

  • Factors beyond an individuals control e.g low pay

Explanation

Question 92 of 113

1

According to Marsland, how does the state cause the existence of poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • The state gives over generous welfare benefits, creating a culture of dependency

  • The state do not provide enough help for the poor, they need more universal benefits and help with seeking jobs

Explanation

Question 93 of 113

1

Which types of benefits do the New Right prefer?

Select one of the following:

  • Universal

  • Means tested

Explanation

Question 94 of 113

1

What are the three elements to the culture of the underclass?

Select one of the following:

  • Patriarchy, illegitimacy and poor housing

  • Crime, illegitimacy and unemployment

Explanation

Question 95 of 113

1

What do structural theorists blame for the cause of poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Individual

  • Society

Explanation

Question 96 of 113

1

What is the definition of capitalism?

Select one of the following:

  • An economic system where the individual is responsible for himself, not profit driven

  • An economic system which means private ownership of means of production, heavily profit driven

Explanation

Question 97 of 113

1

What do Weberian theories focus on for the existence of poverty?

Select one of the following:

  • Poverty exists because it perfoms positive functions

  • Poverty is a result of the market position of individuals

Explanation

Question 98 of 113

1

You have a high market position if your skills are...

Select one of the following:

  • widely available

  • rare and in demand

Explanation

Question 99 of 113

1

Feminists say poverty is...

Select one of the following:

  • an inevitable outcome of a patriarchal structure

  • caused by men being dominant

Explanation

Question 100 of 113

1

What is Marxist theory known as?

Select one of the following:

  • A structural, consensus theory

  • A cultural, consensus theory

Explanation

Question 101 of 113

1

What is the functionalist theory known as?

Select one of the following:

  • A cultural, conflict theory

  • A structural, consensus theory

Explanation

Question 102 of 113

1

The feminist theory is a conflict theory

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 103 of 113

1

Which of the following are advantages of universal benefits?

Select one or more of the following:

  • No stigma attached as they're free

  • Saves gov. money as there is no eligibility test

  • Reduces culture of dependency

  • Prevents poverty trap - people get them without paying so working won't make them poorer

  • Save the state money as they are given to people who need it

Explanation

Question 104 of 113

1

What are the disadvantages of universal benefits?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Stigma attached

  • Have to test for eligibility

  • Marxists say it tricks workers into thinking society is fair

  • New Right say it creates a culture of dependency

  • Expensive because people may claim without needing them so taxes rise

Explanation

Question 105 of 113

1

What are the advantages of means tested benefits?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Save state money - only given to people who need them

  • Assessed in relation to income

  • Too expensive

  • No stigma attached

  • Reduces culture of dependency

Explanation

Question 106 of 113

1

What are the disadvantages of means tested benefits?

Select one or more of the following:

  • More stigma attached so people may not claim them

  • Assessed in relation to income

  • Creates poverty trap as they are taken away if you start working

  • Can be expensive - have to test eligibility

  • Create a culture of dependency

Explanation

Question 107 of 113

1

What time period was the labour, conservative, then labour government, after ww2?

Select one of the following:

  • 1940 - 1979

  • 1918 - 1940

Explanation

Question 108 of 113

1

What were the 5 giant evils identified by the Beveridge report in 1942?

Select one of the following:

  • Want, idleness, disease, squalor and ignorance

  • Patriarchy, capitalism, universal benefits, poor housing and low pay

Explanation

Question 109 of 113

1

What is the definition of idleness?

Select one of the following:

  • Ignorance to work

  • Unemployment

Explanation

Question 110 of 113

1

What was the ww2 government influenced by?

Select one of the following:

  • Social democratic

  • New Right

Explanation

Question 111 of 113

1

What year was the NHS established?

Select one of the following:

  • 1948

  • 1938

Explanation

Question 112 of 113

1

Who was Thatcher influenced by in 199-1997?

Select one of the following:

  • Marxist

  • New Right

Explanation

Question 113 of 113

1

Poverty fell under the conservatives? (Thatcher)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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