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Sociology - poverty quiz

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A2 level Sociology (Poverty) Quiz on Sociology - poverty quiz, created by eharveyhudl on 21/01/2015.
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Quiz by eharveyhudl, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by eharveyhudl over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is absolute poverty?
Answer
  • Being poor in comparison to others in society
  • Being unable to afford things that are essential to live a healthy life

Question 2

Question
One in three children in Scotland live in poverty.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
What are the strengths of using absolute poverty as a definition? (two correct)
Answer
  • Matches most people's understanding
  • It accounts for different variations of 'healthy'
  • Good for comparing globally

Question 4

Question
People who run homeless shelters may want to define poverty because they want to help people who are most desperate
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
What are the weaknesses of using absolute poverty as a definition? (three correct)
Answer
  • Doesn't account for variations of healthy
  • Difficult to measure
  • Less relevant to countries with a good welfare state
  • Ignores social aspects

Question 6

Question
Absolute poverty is often associated with people in the developing world
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
Rowntree measured relative poverty
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
What did Rowntree's budget standard include? (three correct)
Answer
  • Food
  • Make up
  • Rent
  • TV
  • Phones
  • Clothing

Question 9

Question
By 1950, Rowntree said poverty was a major problem
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Secondary poverty is not having enough money to live a healthy life (even if all money is spent wisely)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Secondary poverty is having enough money to live a healthy lifestyle but not doing so because money isn't spent on necessities e.g buying alcohol instead of fruit
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
A problem with Rowntree's research is that it asks experts, so ignores what poor people think is important for a healthy life
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Rowntree's research includes things that people need to be able to afford to get out of poverty e.g afford transport to get to work
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
Gordon and Townsend used a budget standards approach and they worked out an LCA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
LCA stands for Low Cost but Acceptable
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Gordon and Townsend measured absolute poverty by looking at 7 basic needs. Which of the following were included?
Answer
  • Shoes
  • Information
  • Alcohol
  • Food
  • Education

Question 17

Question
What is relative poverty?
Answer
  • When people cannot afford a living standard experienced by most of society
  • When people cannot afford the basic things necessary for a healthy life
  • When people themselves think they are poor

Question 18

Question
What are the strengths of using a relative definition of poverty?
Answer
  • Useful when comparing globally as normal living standards don't vary much
  • More relevant to societies with a good welfare state where absolute poverty has largely been removed
  • Looks at social aspects because it accounts for people not being able to fully participate in society

Question 19

Question
What are the weaknesses of using relative poverty as a definition?
Answer
  • Over-estimates levels of poverty by comparing people to the average, as living standards in the UK are high
  • Useful when comparing globally
  • Less useful when comparing globally as normal living standards vary

Question 20

Question
Mack and Lansely used a deprivation index to measure relative poverty in 1979
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Which of these are examples on Townsend's deprivation index?
Answer
  • Never had a holiday
  • Not having a cooked breakfast most days of the week
  • Children - not having a party on their last birthday

Question 22

Question
A weakness of Townsend's deprivation index is that items may have been lacked by choice.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Mack and Lansley used a consensus approach for their deprivation index
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
How many people did Mack and Lansley find were in poverty?
Answer
  • 3 million
  • 800,000
  • 7.5 million

Question 25

Question
How do the government measure poverty?
Answer
  • LCA (Low cost but acceptable)
  • HBAI (Households below average income)

Question 26

Question
With the government measurement of poverty, households with less than 60% of the median British income are in relative poverty.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
What are the strengths of HBAI measurement of relative poverty?
Answer
  • Allows European poverty rates to be compared
  • Accounts for people who have a disability and their extra costs of living
  • Useful for governments when setting benefits because it is an income level

Question 28

Question
What are the weaknesses of the HBAI measurements of poverty?
Answer
  • HBAI doesn't account for how cost of living varies across the country e.g London
  • Doesn't account for the extra costs of having a disability
  • Not useful for setting benefits

Question 29

Question
Subjective poverty is whether sociologists think a person is poor based on a deprivation index
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
What is the strength of subjective poverty?
Answer
  • Based on an income level so useful for setting benefits
  • Looks at psychological aspects - how people feel about their own situation

Question 31

Question
How is subjective poverty measured?
Answer
  • Deprivation index
  • Financial satisfaction 0-10 scale

Question 32

Question
Define social exclusion
Answer
  • Being unable to fully participate in society due to poor housing or lack of money
  • Being unable to access life chances and opportunities experienced by most of society

Question 33

Question
What are examples of social exclusion in rural areas?
Answer
  • Lack of jobs
  • Lacking access to public transport
  • Lack of affordable housing

Question 34

Question
What are some examples of social exclusion in urban areas?
Answer
  • Lack of jobs
  • Lack of access to living in a safe environment due to high crime
  • Lack of affordable housing due to rent in cities being harder

Question 35

Question
A weakness of social exclusion is that it is difficult for governments to use because it is not an income level
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
What are the strengths of using social exclusion as a definition?
Answer
  • Highlights how being poor is more complex than lacking money e.g someone in a village is more likely to be socially excluded than someone living in a city
  • An income level so easy for governments to use

Question 37

Question
What is the definition of wealth?
Answer
  • Any money coming into the household on a regular basis e.g a wage
  • Ownership of assets e.g property and savings. These assets have value, but are extra to day to day living costs

Question 38

Question
A problem with measuring wealth is whether to include pensions, as they cannot be sold on to anyone else
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
Define marketable wealth.
Answer
  • Any asset you own but can also be sold e.g car
  • Something you own but can't sell e.g pension

Question 40

Question
Which of the following is the definition of non-marketable wealth?
Answer
  • Things the owner uses e.g car
  • Something you own but can't sell e.g pension

Question 41

Question
What is productive wealth?
Answer
  • When something you own provides an income e.g owning a house that you rent out
  • Any asset you own that can be sold e.g car

Question 42

Question
Define consumption wealth
Answer
  • Things that the owner uses e.g car
  • When an asset provides an income e.g owning a property that you rent out

Question 43

Question
Inheritance Tax is calculated by the Office of National Statistics to produce estimates about wealth
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
The wealth and assets survey is produced by Office for National Statistics - a survey on household interviews across GB
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
What is concealment of assets?
Answer
  • When people do not admit the amount of wealth they have, to avoid paying tax on them
  • When people say things to make them look good

Question 46

Question
Social desirability effect is when people say something to make you look good e.g pretending you have more wealth than you do
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
What is the definition of income?
Answer
  • Any money coming into the household on a regular basis e.g wage
  • Money generated from work

Question 48

Question
What is earned income?
Answer
  • Income before income tax is deducted
  • Income generated from actual work

Question 49

Question
Define unearned income
Answer
  • Income generated from work
  • Income not generated from actual work e.g rent given by tenants on a house you own

Question 50

Question
How is income measured?
Answer
  • Family resources survey - collects information on the income of household in UK using face to face interviews
  • Wealth and assets survey - Large survey based on household interviews in the UK

Question 51

Question
How can people hide the income they earn?
Answer
  • Working 'cash in hand'
  • Giving it to people they know
  • Declaring things as expenses to pay less income tax

Question 52

Question
Which of the following are attempts at reducing wealth inequality?
Answer
  • Inheritance Tax - paid on an estate when somebody dies, if it is over £325,000. To avoid wealth being passed on within families
  • Direct tax - taken from wages, the more you earn, the more tax you pay
  • Capital gains tax - reduce profits from selling a property if you own more than one

Question 53

Question
What are examples of taxes to reduce income inequality?
Answer
  • Indirect taxes - added to things you buy e.g VAT
  • Capital gains tax - Reduce profits from selling a property if the person owns more than one
  • Direct tax - taken straight from wages, the more you earn the more you pay in tax
  • Cash benefits - given by the state to supplement low incomes e.g working tax credits
  • Benefits in kind - provided by state, freely available e.g state education

Question 54

Question
Tax evasion is illegal and is when people do not declare their wealth to the Inland Revenue e.g working cash in hand
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
What percentage of lone parents live in relative poverty?
Answer
  • 39%
  • 61%

Question 56

Question
Why are lone parents vulnerable to poverty?
Answer
  • Higher than average levels of unemployment
  • They can rely on more than one income
  • Working in high paid jobs
  • If working, more likely to be working part-time

Question 57

Question
Functionalists say that the welfare state is too generous with benefits for lone parents which discourages them from working as they can rely on benefits.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 58

Question
What percentage of lone parents are unemployed?
Answer
  • 31%
  • 60%

Question 59

Question
Why might large families be in poverty?
Answer
  • Their children can work
  • Income has to spread further e.g more food
  • Childcare costs are higher

Question 60

Question
Which of the following is the statistics from the Rowntree foundation about poverty and gender?
Answer
  • 21% of women live in low income households compared to 19% of men
  • 19% of women live in low income households compared to 17% of men

Question 61

Question
Feminists say that women are more likely than men to be in hidden poverty
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
Which of these is the definition of the primary labour market?
Answer
  • Full-time, permanent work which tends to be dominated by men
  • Low-pay, low skill jobs which are usually part-time

Question 63

Question
How many children in the UK live in poverty?
Answer
  • 1 in 6
  • 1 in 10

Question 64

Question
What are the reasons why children are prone to poverty? (research from Banardos) - 4 correct answers
Answer
  • Living in lone parent families - Lone parents have high levels of unemployment and low out of work benefits
  • Living in large families - Higher rates of unemployment due to unaffordable childcare costs, and having to buy more food, uniforms etc
  • Not working themselves - families rely on only one or two incomes
  • Having a disability - Costs an additional £99 per week to bring up a disabled child
  • Households with parents in low paid jobs - Given less training, therefore less progression, keeping them trapped in poverty

Question 65

Question
How many pensioners live in poverty?
Answer
  • 1 in 3
  • 1 in 6

Question 66

Question
What are possible reasons why female pensioners may have higher poverty rates than male pensioners?
Answer
  • Age concern found that women receive less pension than their husbands
  • Women on average, live longer than men so their retirement savings run out and they have less savings than men in the first place
  • Higher than average levels of unemployment

Question 67

Question
Why might the elderly have lower income levels?
Answer
  • Welfare benefits they receive are inadequate
  • If they didn't save up enough for a private pension
  • Ageism - employers think they're not capable or too old/ill

Question 68

Question
To live a good quality of life, how much extra would a disabled person need, on top of welfare benefits?
Answer
  • £300 a week
  • £200 a week
  • £250 a week

Question 69

Question
What year was the disability act introduced?
Answer
  • 1884
  • 2005

Question 70

Question
What is the ethnic group with the highest rate of poverty?
Answer
  • Bangladeshis (70%) and Pakistanis (60%)
  • Pakistanis (60%) and Black Africans (50%)

Question 71

Question
Why do Bangladeshis and Pakistanis have high poverty rates?
Answer
  • Women from these ethnic groups are more likely to not want paid work thank other ethnicities
  • Unemployment rates 3x higher for them than other ethnicities
  • Live 20% longer than other ethnicities

Question 72

Question
Horizontal segregation is when different ethnic groups are concentrated in different employment sectors (tend to be low skilled, low paid)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 73

Question
Black African men are concentrated in manufacturing industry
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
Chinese people are concentrated in the catering industry
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
Which is the ethnic group with the lowest rates of academic achievement, where only 49% achieve 5 or more A* to C at GCSE?
Answer
  • Black Carribeans
  • Bangladeshis
  • Indians

Question 76

Question
Chinese is the ethnic group with the highest rate of academic achievement, with 79% achieiving 5 or more A* to Cs at GCSE?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 77

Question
What percentage of ethnic minority groups live in deprived areas?
Answer
  • 70%
  • 50%
  • 85%

Question 78

Question
Which ethnic minority group experience the most discrimination in the workplace?
Answer
  • Muslims
  • Black Africans
  • Bangladeshis

Question 79

Question
Which of these is the definition of institutional racism?
Answer
  • When customers and staff of an institution have been found to project racist behaviour
  • How the day to day practices of an institution have racist outcomes

Question 80

Question
What is an example of institutional racism?
Answer
  • Job adverts not being available in different languages
  • Ignoring a member of staff who is of an ethnic minority

Question 81

Question
Define the Marxist term reserve army of labour?
Answer
  • A group of workers who seek part-time work, due to reasons such as childcare
  • Workers who are used when needed, but disposed of when their labour is no longer needed

Question 82

Question
Who do cultural explanations blame for poverty?
Answer
  • Society
  • Government
  • Individual

Question 83

Question
Which sociologist has the Culture of Poverty theory?
Answer
  • Flaherty
  • Oscar Lewis
  • Murray

Question 84

Question
What is the definition of a culture of poverty by Oscar Lewis?
Answer
  • People in poverty are made to form a separate culture due to the way society causes them to be social exclusion
  • People in poverty develop a culture with norms and values which prevent them escaping poverty e.g fatalistic

Question 85

Question
What are the components of the culture of poverty?
Answer
  • Individual characteristics, work characteristics and wealth characteristics
  • Individual characteristics, family characteristics and community characteristics

Question 86

Question
Who are the two New Right theorists?
Answer
  • Murray and Marsland
  • Connell and Flaherty

Question 87

Question
Culture of dependency is a Marxist idea
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 88

Question
Culture of dependency is where people rely on the welfare state to provide for them, instead of getting a job
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 89

Question
Who offered an alternative view to Murray's underclass?
Answer
  • Lewis
  • Craine

Question 90

Question
Define cycle of poverty
Answer
  • Cycle of poverty explains why poverty persist over generations
  • Cycle of poverty explains what individuals do to cause the persistence of their poverty

Question 91

Question
According to Lewis, what causes a culture of poverty to develop?
Answer
  • Factors caused by the individual e.g not taking job opportunities
  • Factors beyond an individuals control e.g low pay

Question 92

Question
According to Marsland, how does the state cause the existence of poverty?
Answer
  • The state gives over generous welfare benefits, creating a culture of dependency
  • The state do not provide enough help for the poor, they need more universal benefits and help with seeking jobs

Question 93

Question
Which types of benefits do the New Right prefer?
Answer
  • Universal
  • Means tested

Question 94

Question
What are the three elements to the culture of the underclass?
Answer
  • Patriarchy, illegitimacy and poor housing
  • Crime, illegitimacy and unemployment

Question 95

Question
What do structural theorists blame for the cause of poverty?
Answer
  • Individual
  • Society

Question 96

Question
What is the definition of capitalism?
Answer
  • An economic system where the individual is responsible for himself, not profit driven
  • An economic system which means private ownership of means of production, heavily profit driven

Question 97

Question
What do Weberian theories focus on for the existence of poverty?
Answer
  • Poverty exists because it perfoms positive functions
  • Poverty is a result of the market position of individuals

Question 98

Question
You have a high market position if your skills are...
Answer
  • widely available
  • rare and in demand

Question 99

Question
Feminists say poverty is...
Answer
  • an inevitable outcome of a patriarchal structure
  • caused by men being dominant

Question 100

Question
What is Marxist theory known as?
Answer
  • A structural, consensus theory
  • A cultural, consensus theory

Question 101

Question
What is the functionalist theory known as?
Answer
  • A cultural, conflict theory
  • A structural, consensus theory

Question 102

Question
The feminist theory is a conflict theory
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 103

Question
Which of the following are advantages of universal benefits?
Answer
  • No stigma attached as they're free
  • Saves gov. money as there is no eligibility test
  • Reduces culture of dependency
  • Prevents poverty trap - people get them without paying so working won't make them poorer
  • Save the state money as they are given to people who need it

Question 104

Question
What are the disadvantages of universal benefits?
Answer
  • Stigma attached
  • Have to test for eligibility
  • Marxists say it tricks workers into thinking society is fair
  • New Right say it creates a culture of dependency
  • Expensive because people may claim without needing them so taxes rise

Question 105

Question
What are the advantages of means tested benefits?
Answer
  • Save state money - only given to people who need them
  • Assessed in relation to income
  • Too expensive
  • No stigma attached
  • Reduces culture of dependency

Question 106

Question
What are the disadvantages of means tested benefits?
Answer
  • More stigma attached so people may not claim them
  • Assessed in relation to income
  • Creates poverty trap as they are taken away if you start working
  • Can be expensive - have to test eligibility
  • Create a culture of dependency

Question 107

Question
What time period was the labour, conservative, then labour government, after ww2?
Answer
  • 1940 - 1979
  • 1918 - 1940

Question 108

Question
What were the 5 giant evils identified by the Beveridge report in 1942?
Answer
  • Want, idleness, disease, squalor and ignorance
  • Patriarchy, capitalism, universal benefits, poor housing and low pay

Question 109

Question
What is the definition of idleness?
Answer
  • Ignorance to work
  • Unemployment

Question 110

Question
What was the ww2 government influenced by?
Answer
  • Social democratic
  • New Right

Question 111

Question
What year was the NHS established?
Answer
  • 1948
  • 1938

Question 112

Question
Who was Thatcher influenced by in 199-1997?
Answer
  • Marxist
  • New Right

Question 113

Question
Poverty fell under the conservatives? (Thatcher)
Answer
  • True
  • False
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