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Sociology - poverty quiz
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Questions in this quiz (113)
1What is absolute poverty?
- ABeing poor in comparison to others in society
- BBeing unable to afford things that are essential to live a healthy life
2One in three children in Scotland live in poverty.
- ATrue
- BFalse
3What are the strengths of using absolute poverty as a definition? (two correct)
- AMatches most people's understanding
- BIt accounts for different variations of 'healthy'
- CGood for comparing globally
4People who run homeless shelters may want to define poverty because they want to help people who are most desperate
- ATrue
- BFalse
5What are the weaknesses of using absolute poverty as a definition? (three correct)
- ADoesn't account for variations of healthy
- BDifficult to measure
- CLess relevant to countries with a good welfare state
- DIgnores social aspects
6Absolute poverty is often associated with people in the developing world
- ATrue
- BFalse
7Rowntree measured relative poverty
- ATrue
- BFalse
8What did Rowntree's budget standard include? (three correct)
- AFood
- BMake up
- CRent
- DTV
- EPhones
- FClothing
9By 1950, Rowntree said poverty was a major problem
- ATrue
- BFalse
10Secondary poverty is not having enough money to live a healthy life (even if all money is spent wisely)
- ATrue
- BFalse
11Secondary poverty is having enough money to live a healthy lifestyle but not doing so because money isn't spent on necessities e.g buying alcohol instead of fruit
- ATrue
- BFalse
12A problem with Rowntree's research is that it asks experts, so ignores what poor people think is important for a healthy life
- ATrue
- BFalse
13Rowntree's research includes things that people need to be able to afford to get out of poverty e.g afford transport to get to work
- ATrue
- BFalse
14Gordon and Townsend used a budget standards approach and they worked out an LCA
- ATrue
- BFalse
15LCA stands for Low Cost but Acceptable
- ATrue
- BFalse
16Gordon and Townsend measured absolute poverty by looking at 7 basic needs. Which of the following were included?
- AShoes
- BInformation
- CAlcohol
- DFood
- EEducation
17What is relative poverty?
- AWhen people cannot afford a living standard experienced by most of society
- BWhen people cannot afford the basic things necessary for a healthy life
- CWhen people themselves think they are poor
18What are the strengths of using a relative definition of poverty?
- AUseful when comparing globally as normal living standards don't vary much
- BMore relevant to societies with a good welfare state where absolute poverty has largely been removed
- CLooks at social aspects because it accounts for people not being able to fully participate in society
19What are the weaknesses of using relative poverty as a definition?
- AOver-estimates levels of poverty by comparing people to the average, as living standards in the UK are high
- BUseful when comparing globally
- CLess useful when comparing globally as normal living standards vary
20Mack and Lansely used a deprivation index to measure relative poverty in 1979
- ATrue
- BFalse
21Which of these are examples on Townsend's deprivation index?
- ANever had a holiday
- BNot having a cooked breakfast most days of the week
- CChildren - not having a party on their last birthday
22A weakness of Townsend's deprivation index is that items may have been lacked by choice.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Mack and Lansley used a consensus approach for their deprivation index
- ATrue
- BFalse
24How many people did Mack and Lansley find were in poverty?
- A3 million
- B800,000
- C7.5 million
25How do the government measure poverty?
- ALCA (Low cost but acceptable)
- BHBAI (Households below average income)
26With the government measurement of poverty, households with less than 60% of the median British income are in relative poverty.
- ATrue
- BFalse
27What are the strengths of HBAI measurement of relative poverty?
- AAllows European poverty rates to be compared
- BAccounts for people who have a disability and their extra costs of living
- CUseful for governments when setting benefits because it is an income level
28What are the weaknesses of the HBAI measurements of poverty?
- AHBAI doesn't account for how cost of living varies across the country e.g London
- BDoesn't account for the extra costs of having a disability
- CNot useful for setting benefits
29Subjective poverty is whether sociologists think a person is poor based on a deprivation index
- ATrue
- BFalse
30What is the strength of subjective poverty?
- ABased on an income level so useful for setting benefits
- BLooks at psychological aspects - how people feel about their own situation
31How is subjective poverty measured?
- ADeprivation index
- BFinancial satisfaction 0-10 scale
32Define social exclusion
- ABeing unable to fully participate in society due to poor housing or lack of money
- BBeing unable to access life chances and opportunities experienced by most of society
33What are examples of social exclusion in rural areas?
- ALack of jobs
- BLacking access to public transport
- CLack of affordable housing
34What are some examples of social exclusion in urban areas?
- ALack of jobs
- BLack of access to living in a safe environment due to high crime
- CLack of affordable housing due to rent in cities being harder
35A weakness of social exclusion is that it is difficult for governments to use because it is not an income level
- ATrue
- BFalse
36What are the strengths of using social exclusion as a definition?
- AHighlights how being poor is more complex than lacking money e.g someone in a village is more likely to be socially excluded than someone living in a city
- BAn income level so easy for governments to use
37What is the definition of wealth?
- AAny money coming into the household on a regular basis e.g a wage
- BOwnership of assets e.g property and savings. These assets have value, but are extra to day to day living costs
38A problem with measuring wealth is whether to include pensions, as they cannot be sold on to anyone else
- ATrue
- BFalse
39Define marketable wealth.
- AAny asset you own but can also be sold e.g car
- BSomething you own but can't sell e.g pension
40Which of the following is the definition of non-marketable wealth?
- AThings the owner uses e.g car
- BSomething you own but can't sell e.g pension
41What is productive wealth?
- AWhen something you own provides an income e.g owning a house that you rent out
- BAny asset you own that can be sold e.g car
42Define consumption wealth
- AThings that the owner uses e.g car
- BWhen an asset provides an income e.g owning a property that you rent out
43Inheritance Tax is calculated by the Office of National Statistics to produce estimates about wealth
- ATrue
- BFalse
44The wealth and assets survey is produced by Office for National Statistics - a survey on household interviews across GB
- ATrue
- BFalse
45What is concealment of assets?
- AWhen people do not admit the amount of wealth they have, to avoid paying tax on them
- BWhen people say things to make them look good
46Social desirability effect is when people say something to make you look good e.g pretending you have more wealth than you do
- ATrue
- BFalse
47What is the definition of income?
- AAny money coming into the household on a regular basis e.g wage
- BMoney generated from work
48What is earned income?
- AIncome before income tax is deducted
- BIncome generated from actual work
49Define unearned income
- AIncome generated from work
- BIncome not generated from actual work e.g rent given by tenants on a house you own
50How is income measured?
- AFamily resources survey - collects information on the income of household in UK using face to face interviews
- BWealth and assets survey - Large survey based on household interviews in the UK
51How can people hide the income they earn?
- AWorking 'cash in hand'
- BGiving it to people they know
- CDeclaring things as expenses to pay less income tax
52Which of the following are attempts at reducing wealth inequality?
- AInheritance Tax - paid on an estate when somebody dies, if it is over £325,000. To avoid wealth being passed on within families
- BDirect tax - taken from wages, the more you earn, the more tax you pay
- CCapital gains tax - reduce profits from selling a property if you own more than one
53What are examples of taxes to reduce income inequality?
- AIndirect taxes - added to things you buy e.g VAT
- BCapital gains tax - Reduce profits from selling a property if the person owns more than one
- CDirect tax - taken straight from wages, the more you earn the more you pay in tax
- DCash benefits - given by the state to supplement low incomes e.g working tax credits
- EBenefits in kind - provided by state, freely available e.g state education
54Tax evasion is illegal and is when people do not declare their wealth to the Inland Revenue e.g working cash in hand
- ATrue
- BFalse
55What percentage of lone parents live in relative poverty?
- A39%
- B61%
56Why are lone parents vulnerable to poverty?
- AHigher than average levels of unemployment
- BThey can rely on more than one income
- CWorking in high paid jobs
- DIf working, more likely to be working part-time
57Functionalists say that the welfare state is too generous with benefits for lone parents which discourages them from working as they can rely on benefits.
- ATrue
- BFalse
58What percentage of lone parents are unemployed?
- A31%
- B60%
59Why might large families be in poverty?
- ATheir children can work
- BIncome has to spread further e.g more food
- CChildcare costs are higher
60Which of the following is the statistics from the Rowntree foundation about poverty and gender?
- A21% of women live in low income households compared to 19% of men
- B19% of women live in low income households compared to 17% of men
61Feminists say that women are more likely than men to be in hidden poverty
- ATrue
- BFalse
62Which of these is the definition of the primary labour market?
- AFull-time, permanent work which tends to be dominated by men
- BLow-pay, low skill jobs which are usually part-time
63How many children in the UK live in poverty?
- A1 in 6
- B1 in 10
64What are the reasons why children are prone to poverty? (research from Banardos) - 4 correct answers
- ALiving in lone parent families - Lone parents have high levels of unemployment and low out of work benefits
- BLiving in large families - Higher rates of unemployment due to unaffordable childcare costs, and having to buy more food, uniforms etc
- CNot working themselves - families rely on only one or two incomes
- DHaving a disability - Costs an additional £99 per week to bring up a disabled child
- EHouseholds with parents in low paid jobs - Given less training, therefore less progression, keeping them trapped in poverty
65How many pensioners live in poverty?
- A1 in 3
- B1 in 6
66What are possible reasons why female pensioners may have higher poverty rates than male pensioners?
- AAge concern found that women receive less pension than their husbands
- BWomen on average, live longer than men so their retirement savings run out and they have less savings than men in the first place
- CHigher than average levels of unemployment
67Why might the elderly have lower income levels?
- AWelfare benefits they receive are inadequate
- BIf they didn't save up enough for a private pension
- CAgeism - employers think they're not capable or too old/ill
68To live a good quality of life, how much extra would a disabled person need, on top of welfare benefits?
- A£300 a week
- B£200 a week
- C£250 a week
69What year was the disability act introduced?
- A1884
- B2005
70What is the ethnic group with the highest rate of poverty?
- ABangladeshis (70%) and Pakistanis (60%)
- BPakistanis (60%) and Black Africans (50%)
71Why do Bangladeshis and Pakistanis have high poverty rates?
- AWomen from these ethnic groups are more likely to not want paid work thank other ethnicities
- BUnemployment rates 3x higher for them than other ethnicities
- CLive 20% longer than other ethnicities
72Horizontal segregation is when different ethnic groups are concentrated in different employment sectors (tend to be low skilled, low paid)
- ATrue
- BFalse
73Black African men are concentrated in manufacturing industry
- ATrue
- BFalse
74Chinese people are concentrated in the catering industry
- ATrue
- BFalse
75Which is the ethnic group with the lowest rates of academic achievement, where only 49% achieve 5 or more A* to C at GCSE?
- ABlack Carribeans
- BBangladeshis
- CIndians
76Chinese is the ethnic group with the highest rate of academic achievement, with 79% achieiving 5 or more A* to Cs at GCSE?
- ATrue
- BFalse
77What percentage of ethnic minority groups live in deprived areas?
- A70%
- B50%
- C85%
78Which ethnic minority group experience the most discrimination in the workplace?
- AMuslims
- BBlack Africans
- CBangladeshis
79Which of these is the definition of institutional racism?
- AWhen customers and staff of an institution have been found to project racist behaviour
- BHow the day to day practices of an institution have racist outcomes
80What is an example of institutional racism?
- AJob adverts not being available in different languages
- BIgnoring a member of staff who is of an ethnic minority
81Define the Marxist term reserve army of labour?
- AA group of workers who seek part-time work, due to reasons such as childcare
- BWorkers who are used when needed, but disposed of when their labour is no longer needed
82Who do cultural explanations blame for poverty?
- ASociety
- BGovernment
- CIndividual
83Which sociologist has the Culture of Poverty theory?
- AFlaherty
- BOscar Lewis
- CMurray
84What is the definition of a culture of poverty by Oscar Lewis?
- APeople in poverty are made to form a separate culture due to the way society causes them to be social exclusion
- BPeople in poverty develop a culture with norms and values which prevent them escaping poverty e.g fatalistic
85What are the components of the culture of poverty?
- AIndividual characteristics, work characteristics and wealth characteristics
- BIndividual characteristics, family characteristics and community characteristics
86Who are the two New Right theorists?
- AMurray and Marsland
- BConnell and Flaherty
87Culture of dependency is a Marxist idea
- ATrue
- BFalse
88Culture of dependency is where people rely on the welfare state to provide for them, instead of getting a job
- ATrue
- BFalse
89Who offered an alternative view to Murray's underclass?
- ALewis
- BCraine
90Define cycle of poverty
- ACycle of poverty explains why poverty persist over generations
- BCycle of poverty explains what individuals do to cause the persistence of their poverty
91According to Lewis, what causes a culture of poverty to develop?
- AFactors caused by the individual e.g not taking job opportunities
- BFactors beyond an individuals control e.g low pay
92According to Marsland, how does the state cause the existence of poverty?
- AThe state gives over generous welfare benefits, creating a culture of dependency
- BThe state do not provide enough help for the poor, they need more universal benefits and help with seeking jobs
93Which types of benefits do the New Right prefer?
- AUniversal
- BMeans tested
94What are the three elements to the culture of the underclass?
- APatriarchy, illegitimacy and poor housing
- BCrime, illegitimacy and unemployment
95What do structural theorists blame for the cause of poverty?
- AIndividual
- BSociety
96What is the definition of capitalism?
- AAn economic system where the individual is responsible for himself, not profit driven
- BAn economic system which means private ownership of means of production, heavily profit driven
97What do Weberian theories focus on for the existence of poverty?
- APoverty exists because it perfoms positive functions
- BPoverty is a result of the market position of individuals
98You have a high market position if your skills are...
- Awidely available
- Brare and in demand
99Feminists say poverty is...
- Aan inevitable outcome of a patriarchal structure
- Bcaused by men being dominant
100What is Marxist theory known as?
- AA structural, consensus theory
- BA cultural, consensus theory
101What is the functionalist theory known as?
- AA cultural, conflict theory
- BA structural, consensus theory
102The feminist theory is a conflict theory
- ATrue
- BFalse
103Which of the following are advantages of universal benefits?
- ANo stigma attached as they're free
- BSaves gov. money as there is no eligibility test
- CReduces culture of dependency
- DPrevents poverty trap - people get them without paying so working won't make them poorer
- ESave the state money as they are given to people who need it
104What are the disadvantages of universal benefits?
- AStigma attached
- BHave to test for eligibility
- CMarxists say it tricks workers into thinking society is fair
- DNew Right say it creates a culture of dependency
- EExpensive because people may claim without needing them so taxes rise
105What are the advantages of means tested benefits?
- ASave state money - only given to people who need them
- BAssessed in relation to income
- CToo expensive
- DNo stigma attached
- EReduces culture of dependency
106What are the disadvantages of means tested benefits?
- AMore stigma attached so people may not claim them
- BAssessed in relation to income
- CCreates poverty trap as they are taken away if you start working
- DCan be expensive - have to test eligibility
- ECreate a culture of dependency
107What time period was the labour, conservative, then labour government, after ww2?
- A1940 - 1979
- B1918 - 1940
108What were the 5 giant evils identified by the Beveridge report in 1942?
- AWant, idleness, disease, squalor and ignorance
- BPatriarchy, capitalism, universal benefits, poor housing and low pay
109What is the definition of idleness?
- AIgnorance to work
- BUnemployment
110What was the ww2 government influenced by?
- ASocial democratic
- BNew Right
111What year was the NHS established?
- A1948
- B1938
112Who was Thatcher influenced by in 199-1997?
- AMarxist
- BNew Right
113Poverty fell under the conservatives? (Thatcher)
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- A2 level Sociology (Poverty) Quiz on Sociology - poverty quiz, created by eharveyhudl on 21/01/2015.
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