Which of the following electrolytes flows into the cell to initiate depolarization?

Metabolic acidosis occurs when the patient has a decreased _______ and a decreased _______.

Liver injuries will cause pain in the right upper quadrant along with right shoulder pain as blood accumulates around the diaphragm. The pain in the right shoulder is called:

Given the following laboratory values, indicate which pathologic condition the patient is experiencing: pH, 7.24; PCO2, 56 mm Hg; PO2, 75 mm Hg; HCO3–, 24 mEq/L.

You are caring for a patient with a confirmed coronary thrombus (a clot). A staffed cath lab is not readily available, and the ECG indicates an evolving infarction pattern. The care team is considering ordering a thrombolytic/fibrinolytic medication to reduce the thrombus. Based on your understanding of the mechanism of action for these medications, which of the following from the patient history would indicate a contraindication to its administration?

Can a hospital-owned helipad be utilized by EMS as a pickup point for the transport of a patient to another hospital without EMTALA being triggered?

While caring for a patient who is mechanically ventilated and on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), it is important to understand how PEEP works. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding PEEP?

As ICP rises to the level of arterial pressure, the cascade of events know as Cushing's triad begins. Cushing's triad is BEST described as:

Your patient has sustained a myocardial infarction. In addition to the 12-lead ECG showing significant ST elevations in II, III, and AVF, which of the following specifically indicates myocardial damage?

The formula for blood pressure (BP) is:

Afterload is defined as the:

The umbilical cord contains:

You are caring for a 40-year-old male with severe gastrointestinal bleeding. He is to receive two units of packed red blood cells due to profound anemia. Based on your understanding of hemoglobin, which of the following statements is TRUE?

The Circle of Willis is a complex system of arterial flow at:

The Allen test is used to assess:

When assessing your patient's airway prior to intubation, you use the Mallampati classification. Your physical assessment reveals that the posterior pharynx is partially exposed. Based on your knowledge of this classification, you know that this is a Mallampati grade class of:

Stagnant hypoxia results from:

Patients with acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, severe traumatic brain injury, and abdominal aneurysm are all examples of patients who:

Given the following laboratory values, indicate which pathologic condition the patient is experiencing: pH, 7.56; PCO2, 42 mm Hg; PO2, 82 mm Hg; HCO3–, 36 mEq/L.

You are caring for a patient who is being mechanically ventilated. The current ventilator settings are as follows: tidal volume of 600 mL, respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min, FIO2 of 40%. While considering normal respiratory parameters, you recall that the minute ventilation is measured by:

The mitral and tricuspid valves open during what phase of the cardiac cycle?

Preeclampsia is defined as the presence of:

The clinical presentation of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) usually begins with:

The two pairs of arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the brain are the:

Nitrogen gas bubbles in the joints or the folds of the intestinal tract are called the:

You are preparing to transport a critical patient who is being mechanically ventilated. As part of your patient assessment, you note that the most recent arterial blood gas (ABG) results were: pH, 7.44; PaO2, 78 mm Hg; PaCO2, 43 mm Hg; and SaO2, 98 mm Hg. Which of the following is an indicator of the effectiveness of ventilation?

During an abdominal assessment, you palpate deeply into the right upper quadrant. The patient immediately responds with severe pain during the palpation. The patient actually catches her breath for a moment. This is a positive _______ sign.

During uterine life, which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding fetal circulation?

A minimum of _______ of blood in the thoracic cavity is considered a massive hemothorax.

All of the following decrease cardiac contractility EXCEPT:

During transport of a mechanically ventilated patient, the low-pressure alarm has continued to sound. After performing a quick troubleshooting attempt, the cause of the alarm cannot be found, and it continues to signal a low-pressure alert status. Which of the following is the most appropriate next action to be taken

Shock, sepsis, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) share which of the following common denominators?

You are onboard a VFR-rated rotor-wing aircraft at night en route to a scene where an unresponsive child requires transport to a specialty care facility. Approximately 5 minutes from the scene coordinates, you encounter increasingly bad weather, with visibility falling below FAA specified minimums. Which of the following is your best option?

Any substance that can alternately bind or release H+ depending on outside conditions is called a(n):

Your patient is being treated for diabetic ketoacidosis. The most recent chemistry panel for this patient reveals a serum potassium of 2.5 mEq/L. Based on your understanding of this potassium abnormality, which of the following is the most likely cause for this value?

Your patient is short of breath and complaining of chest pain. He is seated in a tripod position, which he says improves his condition. When analyzing his 12-lead ECG, you note that all complexes are low-voltage, with ST segment elevation and T-wave inversion in all leads. You suspect:

The MOST common anesthetic trigger for malignant hyperthermia is

In young children, the narrowest part of the trachea is the:

The normal cardiac output for an average adult is:

You are transporting a patient being treated for diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient is on the ventilator, and the most recent arterial blood gas (ABG) panel from the sending facility was pH, 7.34; PaO2, 96 mm Hg; PCO2, 43 mm Hg. Your patient is receiving an intravenous potassium drip at 10 mEq/hour and an insulin drip/continuous infusion at 6 units/hour. What lab value must be frequently reassessed during the care and transport of this patient?

In a potential neonatal resuscitation situation, the initial evaluation begins with the evaluation of:

Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain are the three essential components of which of the following processes?

Which of the following is a TRUE statement with regard to carbon dioxide monitoring?

A "sterile cockpit" refers to a:

Renal dysfunction that results from the mobilization of muscle proteins that impair filtration is a condition known as

While auscultating the fetal heart, the heart rate is noted to be 155 beats/min. This rate is:

Which of the following is an example of a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent?

While a patient is receiving IV magnesium sulfate, appropriate assessments for toxicity include checking for:

The IABP is used to :

In the symptomatic hyperkalemia patient, all of the following medications are a part of the accepted treatment EXCEPT:

Dobutamine (Dobutrex) is a frequently used sympathomimetic in critical care transport. It stimulates beta-1 receptors to increase myocardial contractility. Dobutamine is different than dopamine in that it:

In the normal, healthy adult, which of the following provides the stimulus for breathing?

Classic clinical signs and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade are called Beck's triad. Beck's triad is best described as:

The buretrol is an intravenous (IV) device that is sometimes used in pediatrics. Its purpose is to:

The Monroe-Kellie doctrine describes the contents of the cranial vault as:

A patient is being transferred on a medication that is not carried by your transport service and that is not covered under your protocols. You should:

Each alveoli is in contact with the pulmonary capillary. This is referred to as:

In aerobic metabolism, the ultimate acceptor of electrons is:

You are transporting a trauma patient to a tertiary care facility for definitive care. Prior to transport, this patient underwent a prolonged resuscitation effort at the sending hospital. Based on the prolonged resuscitation, which of the following would be the most specific test to reflect organ perfusion?

During RSI procedures, chemical paralytic agents are used. What neurotransmitter is affected by these agents?