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Quiz on Biology Winter Final Review Exam, created by LizzieWF on 08/02/2015.

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Biology Winter Final Review Exam

Question 1 of 20

1

What factors cause genetic drift?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Natural disasters

  • Random mutation

  • Migration

  • The evolution of an allele from recessive to dominant

Explanation

Question 2 of 20

1

Gene flow is the flow of alleles into and out of a population over time

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 20

1

What are Darwin's three principles about how natural selection occurs?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Organisms inherit characteristics and traits from their parents and then produce their own offspring

  • Organisms will always mutate and bring new traits into the gene pool which are selected based on usefulness

  • Organisms produce more offspring than will ultimately survive

  • Organisms and offspring differ from each other because of the characteristics or variations they inherit

Explanation

Question 4 of 20

1

Harmful mutations are removed from the gene pool via

Select one of the following:

  • Natural selection

  • Organisms with those mutations are sterile

  • Genetic drift

  • Organisms with those mutations die before they can reproduce

Explanation

Question 5 of 20

1

If there is not enough variation in a species

Select one or more of the following:

  • Advantageous or rare traits and alleles vanish from the population

  • Genetic diversity goes down

  • More alleles are created in order to offset the lack of variation

Explanation

Question 6 of 20

1

In the eighteenth century, which men reintroduced ideas about the evolution of animals?

Select one of the following:

  • Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

  • Erasmus Darwin, Georges-Louis Leclerc, and Comte de Buffon

  • Erasmus Darwin and Charles Darwin

  • Erasmus Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Explanation

Question 7 of 20

1

What is Charles Darwin's theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Offspring inherit traits from their parents and offspring with the most advantageous traits will be more likely to survive and procreate

  • Offspring inherit traits from their parents and the offspring who reproduce less are less fit

  • Parents only pass on advantageous traits to their offspring, making natural selection a competition between the elite (in terms of genes)

  • Traits are neither advantageous or harmful, but are randomly passed down, similar to mutations

Explanation

Question 8 of 20

1

Divergent evolution is where two completely unrelated species develop similar traits

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 20

1

Homologous structure

Select one or more of the following:

  • Corresponds to divergent evolution

  • Describes structures which are genetically related in two species who share a common ancestor

Explanation

Question 10 of 20

1

Analogous structure describes similar structures in two genetically unrelated organisms

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 20

1

Check all boxes which are examples of mechanisms for genetic change

Select one or more of the following:

  • Blue eyes in humans being selected for 10,000 years ago

  • The mutation that causes sickle cell anemia

  • The migration of early hominids out of Africa

  • The elimination of rare alleles in Avida when the population gets too small

Explanation

Question 12 of 20

1

The Founder Effect describes why populations which were started by just a few organisms have decreased genetic diversity

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 20

1

Choose the best definition for fitness in an organism

Select one of the following:

  • How many kids a person has

  • The number of offspring an organism contributes to the next generation, compared with other individuals in its population

  • The number of years an organism lives divided by the number of offspring it is able to produce

  • The survival rate of an organism's offspring compared to the survival rate of others in its population

Explanation

Question 14 of 20

1

Population means all the organisms in a given species, even if they don't live in the same geographic area

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 20

1

Most genetic traits are simple (as opposed to complex)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 20

1

The cell's 3D printers are called

Select one of the following:

  • tRNA

  • Ribosomes

  • Helicase

  • Sequence of DNA nucleotides

Explanation

Question 17 of 20

1

Nucleotides

Select one or more of the following:

  • Are symbols of the cell's "software code"

  • Are represented by the letters A, U, G, and C in DNA

  • Provide the code for making amino acids

  • Substitute one of their letters when DNA transcribes mRNA

Explanation

Question 18 of 20

1

The mRNA nucleotides are determined by

Select one of the following:

  • The order of DNA nucleotides

  • The order in which they were transcribed

  • Random genetic mutation

  • The "flash-drives" of a cell

Explanation

Question 19 of 20

1

The Founder Effect

Select one or more of the following:

  • Explains why most Native Americans don't have type B blood

  • Is one cause of genetic drift

  • Is defined as a loss in genetic diversity which occurs when a population is started by a small number of individuals

Explanation

Question 20 of 20

1

The Bottleneck Effect

Select one or more of the following:

  • Explains why cheetahs are all essentially clones of one another

  • Describes the loss of genetic variation which occurs when a population's size decreases sharply over a generation

  • Is often used with and is similar to the Founder Effect

  • Explains why human beings aren't very genetically diverse

Explanation

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