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Basic NeuroScience Quiz

Question 1 of 36

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24. Which one of the following neurotransmitters is not associated with the inhibition of aggressive behavior?

Select one of the following:

  • A. Dopamine

  • B. Norepinephrine

  • C. Serotonin

  • D. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

  • E. Glycine

Explanation

Question 2 of 36

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41. Glutamate is not:

Select one of the following:

  • One of the two major amino acid neurotransmitters

  • An inhibitory neurotransmitter

  • Involved in learning and memory

  • The primary neurotransmitter in cerebellar granule cells

  • A precursor of GABA

Explanation

Question 3 of 36

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46. Which one of the following statements is true regarding neurotransmitters and anxiety?

Select one of the following:

  • GABA has nothing to do with anxiety

  • GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin are associated with anxiety in some way

  • Dopamine, glutamate, and histamine are associated with anxiety in some way

  • Only acetylcholine is associated with anxiety

  • Anxiety can be treated with injection of epinephrine

Explanation

Question 4 of 36

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93. A 25-year-old man is brought to see you because of a change in personality following a boating accident. He fell off of
his boat and landed head first on the dock. He was previously friendly, happy, and high-functioning. Now his speech is
pressured and his mood is labile. He has been irresponsible at work and has been fired from his job. His memory is intact.
Which one of the following brain areas did he damage?

Select one of the following:

  • Temporal lobe

  • Occipital lobe

  • Basal ganglia

  • Substantia nigra

  • Frontal lobe

Explanation

Question 5 of 36

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97. Which one of the following brain areas is characteristically serotonergic?

Select one of the following:

  • Ventral tegmental area

  • Substantia nigra

  • Nucleus accumbens

  • Cerebellum

  • Raphe nuclei

Explanation

Question 6 of 36

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99. A patient comes into the emergency room high on cocaine. Which one of the following brain regions would you expect to
be most active in terms of the reward he is experiencing from the drug?

Select one of the following:

  • Neocortex

  • Substantia nigra

  • Nucleus accumbens

  • Locus ceruleus

  • Raphe nuclei

Explanation

Question 7 of 36

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3. Which one of the following statements is not true regarding receptors?

Select one of the following:

  • Seven-transmembrane-domain receptors require G proteins to open ion channels

  • In the ligand-gated ion channel receptor, the channel is built into the complex that binds the ligand

  • Seven-transmembrane-domain receptors have an external NH(2) terminal end and an intracellular COOH terminal end

  • Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) bind to seven-transmembrane domain-receptors

  • Hormones may diffuse into the cell and bind cytoplasmic receptors, which leads to influence over gene expression

Explanation

Question 8 of 36

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33. Which of the following is true regarding norepinephrine (NE) and/or the locus ceruleus?

Select one of the following:

  • NE is synthesized in the locus ceruleus

  • Dopamine is synthesized in the locus ceruleus, NE in the dorsal raphe nuclei

  • Acetylcholine is synthesized with NE in the substantia nigra

  • 5-HT is synthesized in the locus ceruleus

  • The locus ceruleus is the site of the formation of serotonin

Explanation

Question 9 of 36

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35. Which one of the following receptor types is associated with weight gain and sedation?

Select one of the following:

  • 5-HT 2A

  • α1

  • 5-HT 1A

  • H1

  • M1

Explanation

Question 10 of 36

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37. Which of the following is not a biogenic amine neurotransmitter?

Select one of the following:

  • Dopamine

  • γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

  • Epinephrine

  • Acetylcholine

  • Serotonin

Explanation

Question 11 of 36

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44. Melatonin is a neuronal hormone that promotes sleep and is produced in the brain by the:

Select one of the following:

  • Pineal gland

  • Anterior pituitary gland

  • Posterior pituitary gland

  • Hypothalamus

  • Thalamus

Explanation

Question 12 of 36

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91. Which one of the following is not a second messenger?

Select one of the following:

  • Adenylyl cyclase

  • cGMP

  • Ca2+

  • cAMP

  • Inositol triphosphate (IP3)

Explanation

Question 13 of 36

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95. Which one of the following receptor subtypes is associated with the neurotransmitter glutamate?

Select one of the following:

  • Nicotinic

  • Muscarinic

  • α1

  • α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)

  • GABA

Explanation

Question 14 of 36

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97. Which one of the following statements is true regarding excitatory neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

  • They open anion channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential

  • They open cation channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential

  • They open cation channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of generating an action potential

  • They open anion channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of generating an action potential

  • They open cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential

Explanation

Question 15 of 36

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117. Which one of the following statements is not true regarding chemical signaling between neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • Neurotransmitter synthesis may be stimulated by influx of Ca2+

  • NE-releasing neurons have presynaptic α receptors, which are involved in a negative feedback system to stop NE release

  • Once dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft it works until it diffuses away or is removed by reuptake mechanisms

  • Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitter storage vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft

  • Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) metabolizes NE and serotonin

Explanation

Question 16 of 36

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125. Which one of the following ions uses the second ion channel to open during an action potential, acts as a second messenger once in the neuron, activates the release of neurotransmitter, and activates ion channels that allow for influx of other ions that halt the action potential?

Select one of the following:

  • Na+

  • K+

  • Cl−

  • Ca2+

  • IP(3)

Explanation

Question 17 of 36

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127. Which one of the following statements is true regarding inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

  • They open chloride channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of an action potential

  • They open cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of an action potential

  • They open chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of an action potential

  • They open chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of an action potential

  • They open potassium channels that depolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of an action potential

Explanation

Question 18 of 36

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13. Which one of the following neurotransmitters works as an adjunctive neurotransmitter for glutamate as well as an independent neurotransmitter with its own receptors?

Select one of the following:

  • GABA

  • Norepinephrine

  • Serotonin

  • Dopamine

  • Glycine

Explanation

Question 19 of 36

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29. Which one of the following neurotransmitters has large numbers of receptors in the spinal cord, is synthesized primarily from serine, and has been the subject of research involving negative symptom reduction in schizophrenia?

Select one of the following:

  • GABA

  • Glycine

  • Serotonin

  • Dopamine

  • Glutamate

Explanation

Question 20 of 36

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69. Which one of the following brain structures’ dopaminergic neurons have been linked with Tourette’s syndrome and the development of tics?

Select one of the following:

  • Caudate

  • Substantia nigra

  • Amygdaloid body

  • Frontal cortex

  • Hippocampus

Explanation

Question 21 of 36

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80. Alcohol, benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents, and barbiturates all predominantly exert their clinical effects on the brain at which one of the following receptor sites?

Select one of the following:

  • Cholinergic nicotinic

  • NMDA

  • Glycine

  • GABA-A

  • GABA-B

Explanation

Question 22 of 36

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81. An elderly man comes into his doctor’s office with symptoms of dementia and notable loss of executive functioning. Dysfunction of which one of the following brain regions would be most closely associated with the patient’s loss of executive
functioning?

Select one of the following:

  • Caudate nucleus

  • Putamen

  • Globus pallidus

  • Frontal lobes

  • Temporal lobes

Explanation

Question 23 of 36

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93. Which one of the following dopaminergic pathways or areas is associated with the antipsychotic effects of the antipsychotic medications?

Select one of the following:

  • Nigrostriatal pathway

  • Mesolimbic–mesocortical pathway

  • Tuberoinfundibular pathway

  • Caudate nucleus

  • Amygdaloid body

Explanation

Question 24 of 36

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3. Which one of the following is true regarding norepinephrine (NE) and/or the locus ceruleus?

Select one of the following:

  • NE is synthesized in the locus ceruleus

  • Dopamine is synthesized in the locus ceruleus, NE in the dorsal raphe nuclei

  • Acetylcholine is synthesized with NE in the substantia nigra

  • γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized in the locus ceruleus

  • The locus ceruleus is the site of formation of serotonin

Explanation

Question 25 of 36

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25. The highest rate of synapse formation in the brain takes place during which one of the following time periods?

Select one of the following:

  • Adolescence

  • Weeks 32 to 35 of gestation

  • Weeks 13 to 26 of gestation

  • Within the first 6 weeks of gestation

  • As a toddler

Explanation

Question 26 of 36

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41. Which one of the following receptor subtypes is associated with the neurotransmitter glutamate?

Select one of the following:

  • Nicotinic

  • Muscarinic

  • α1

  • α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)

  • GABA

Explanation

Question 27 of 36

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71. Which one of the following is not true regarding the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor?

Select one of the following:

  • The NMDA receptor has been linked with learning and memory

  • The NMDA receptor allows for the passage of potassium only

  • The NMDA receptor opens only when it has bound two molecules of glutamate and one molecule of glycine

  • The NMDA receptor can be blocked by physiological concentrations of magnesium

  • The NMDA receptor can be blocked by PCP

Explanation

Question 28 of 36

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76. Emotional memory localizes to the:

Select one of the following:

  • Amygdala

  • Hippocampus

  • Primary auditory cortex

  • Nucleus basalis of Meynert

  • Pons

Explanation

Question 29 of 36

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93. Which one of the following drugs is both an opioid agonist and antagonist?

Select one of the following:

  • Aripiprazole

  • Naltrexone

  • Buprenorphine

  • Methadone

  • Gabapentin

Explanation

Question 30 of 36

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102. Which one of the following neurotransmitters localizes predominantly to the basal forebrain and is responsible for memory, attention, and executive functioning?

Select one of the following:

  • Serotonin

  • NE

  • GABA

  • Glycine

  • Acetylcholine

Explanation

Question 31 of 36

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108. The GABA-A receptor (the most predominant GABA receptor) is which one of the following

Select one of the following:

  • A sodium channel

  • A chloride channel

  • A calcium channel

  • . A potassium channel

  • A magnesium channel

Explanation

Question 32 of 36

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134. Which one of the following structures is most critical to the formation of memory?

Select one of the following:

  • Right frontal lobe

  • Right parietal lobe

  • Thalamus

  • Cerebellum

  • Hippocampus

Explanation

Question 33 of 36

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144. Which one of the following answer choices is true regarding aggression?

Select one of the following:

  • High levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin are associated with increased aggression

  • Serotonin is unrelated to aggression

  • Low levels of CSF serotonin are associated with increased aggression

  • Low levels of CSF serotonin are associated with decreased aggression

  • Low levels of dopamine are associated with increased aggression

Explanation

Question 34 of 36

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Blocking the H1 receptor will lead to which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Weight gain

  • Dry mouth

  • Orthostatic hypotension

  • Elevated prolactin

  • Urinary retention

Explanation

Question 35 of 36

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106. Which of the following neurochemical changes would you expect to see in a patient with increased aggression?

Select one of the following:

  • Increased serotonin

  • Decreased dopamine

  • Decreased testosterone

  • Decreased GABA

  • Decreased acetylcholine

Explanation

Question 36 of 36

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43. Which of the following brain pathways starts in the ventral tegmental area and projects to the frontal cortex?

Select one of the following:

  • Tuberoinfundibular pathway

  • Nigrostriatal pathway

  • Mesolimbic pathway

  • Mesocortical pathway

  • Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

Explanation

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