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Concepts to understand
Enzymes
___ most of the biochemical reactions:
Rate increase & Activity regulation
Do not get ____ during the reaction
Specificity (very ___)
Systematic name: substrate name + type of reaction + 'ase'
Enzyme ___ activation energy barrier to speed up reaction
Enzyme is a catalyst that does NOT get ___ in reaction
Enzyme does NOT change ____ constants
Enzyme does NOT change the ___ energy difference between reactanct & products
Enzyme terminology
Substrate: The molecule on which an enzyme acts.
Catalytic center or Active site: The specific site where the substrate ___ to an enzyme.
Transition state: Substrate and enzyme form a ___.
-->Complex energy is ___ compared to that of the substrate and products.
Enzyme-substrate complex transforms into Enzyme-product complex to form final ____
_____: Molecules or ions that are essential for the catalytic activity, includes metals or small organic molecules, e.g., heme.
The Six Classes of Enzymes
Oxidoreductase: ___ -____ reactions
Transferases: ___ transfer
Hydrolases: ___ breakdown
Lyases: ___ of groups by a mechanism other than hydrolysis and leaving behind double bonds
Isomerases: Interconversion of ___
Ligases: Ligation or ___ of two substrates
Oxidoreductase: Oxidation-reduction reactions
electrons are transferred
Oxidation = __ electrons (lose H)
Reduction = ___ electrons (gain H)
Transferases = group transfer
Hydrolases: Hydrolytic breakdown
(bonds are broken by using H2O)
Lyases = REMOVAL of groups by mechanism OTHER than hydrolysis
Isomerases = interconversion of isomers
-->EX: D-alanine is used/produced by some bacteria
Ligases = ligation or joining of two substrates
Michaelis - Menten
Case [S] --> 0
Km ___ [S] so Km + [S] is about = Km
Vo is about equal to __ / ___
First Order = V = k[S] = k[S]^1
rate equals ___
Michaelis - Menten
Case [S] --> infinity , Saturation
km ___ [S] so Km + [S] is about equal to [S}
Vo = Vmax = K2[E]total
Zero Order = V = k [S]^0
Rate = k
Vo = ___
Michaelis - Menten
Case [S] ---> infinity
Vmax = kn[E]total = kcat[E]total
kcat = ___ constant
Michaelis - Menten
Case vo =Vmax/2
where rate = 1/2
[S] = ___
High Km = ___ affinity
Double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk Plot = Permitted experimental ____ of Km and Vmax without the use of a computer
