Hormonal Secretion

Question 1 of 45

1

Where do endocrine cells secrete their hormones into?

Select one of the following:

Target cells
Blood
Out of ducts
Glands

Explanation

Question 2 of 45

1

What is a neuroendocrine cell?

Select one of the following:

A cell that released hormones into the blood upon depolarisation
A cell that releases neurotransmitter into the blood upon depolarisation
A cell that releases hormones across the synaptic cleft upon depolarisation
A cell that releases hormones onto neighbouring cells upon depolarisation

Explanation

Question 3 of 45

1

What type of chemical signalling occurs when a cell targets itself?

Select one of the following:

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
Neuroendocrine

Explanation

Question 4 of 45

1

What type of chemical signalling occurs when a cell targets a neighbouring cell?

Select one of the following:

Paracrine
Autocrine
Endocrine
Neuroendocrine

Explanation

Question 5 of 45

1

What type of signalling occurs when a cell releases a signal into the blood to be carried to its distant target cell?

Select one of the following:

Paracrine
Autocrine
Endocrine
Neuroendocrine

Explanation

Question 6 of 45

1

Which of the following hormones are secreted by neurosecretory cells?

Select one or more of the following:

Protein/peptide hormones
Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 7 of 45

1

Which of the following hormones are secreted by epithelial tissues?

Select one or more of the following:

Protein/peptide hormones
Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 8 of 45

1

What gives a hormone a long half-life?

Select one of the following:

Being protein-bound in circulation
Being unbound to protein in circulation

Explanation

Question 9 of 45

1

The following questions will be about protein/peptide hormones. What must happen to preprohormones to form active prohormones?

Select one of the following:

Cleavage by proteolytic enzymes
Cleavage by low pH
Packaging into vesicles
Release by exocytosis

Explanation

Question 10 of 45

1

How are active protein/peptide hormones released?

Select one of the following:

Exocytosis stimulated by increase in cytosolic Ca2+
Exocytosis stimulated by increase in cytosolic K+
Holocrine secretion
Apocrine secretion

Explanation

Question 11 of 45

1

Are protein/peptide hormones protein-bound in circulation?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 12 of 45

1

Which is true of protein hormones in circulation?

Select one of the following:

Long half-life
Short half-life

Explanation

Question 13 of 45

1

The following questions will be about steroid hormones. What are steroid hormones derived from?

Select one of the following:

Cholesterol
Proteins
Amines
DNA

Explanation

Question 14 of 45

1

Steroid hormones are lipid soluble.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 15 of 45

1

Steroid hormones are stored in glands.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 45

1

Are steroid hormones protein-bound in circulation?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 17 of 45

1

Which is true of steroid hormones?

Select one of the following:

Long half-lives
Short half-lives

Explanation

Question 18 of 45

1

The following questions will be about amine hormones. Most amine hormones are derived from...?

Select one of the following:

Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Glutamate
Aspartate

Explanation

Question 19 of 45

1

Thyroid hormones are amine hormones.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 20 of 45

1

Which subtype of amine hormone is lipid-soluble?

Select one of the following:

Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 21 of 45

1

Which subtype of amine hormone is water-soluble?

Select one of the following:

Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 22 of 45

1

Which subtype of amine hormone is protein-bound in circulation, thus giving it a long half-life?

Select one of the following:

Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 23 of 45

1

Which subtype of amine hormone is not bound to protein in circulation, giving it a short half-life?

Select one of the following:

Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 24 of 45

1

Which subtype of amine hormones are stored intracellulary in secretory granules?

Select one of the following:

Thyroid hormones
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 25 of 45

1

What are eicosanoids?

Select one of the following:

Local chemical messengers
Steroid hormones
Protein hormones
Transcription regulators

Explanation

Question 26 of 45

1

What are eicosanoids derived from?

Select one of the following:

Arachidonic acid
Diacylglycerol
Inositol
PIP2

Explanation

Question 27 of 45

1

Which of the following is an example of an eicosanoid?

Select one of the following:

Prostaglandin
Catecholamine
Adrenaline
Parathyroid hormone

Explanation

Question 28 of 45

1

Which of the following hormones have intracellular receptors that alter gene transcription?

Select one or more of the following:

Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Protein/peptide hormones
Glycoproteins
Catecholamines (adrenal hormones)

Explanation

Question 29 of 45

1

Which of the following hormones have membrane-bound receptors that initiate second-messenger pathways to change enzyme activity?

Select one or more of the following:

Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Protein/peptide hormones
Glycoproteins
Catecholamines

Explanation

Question 30 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the mechanism of steroid hormones.
1. The steroid hormone crosses the membrane as it is ❌-soluble.
2. The steroid hormone binds to its receptor in the cytosol or ❌.
3. The receptor undergoes a ❌ that allows it to bind to DNA.
4. The receptor forms a ❌ with another receptor unit and binds to DNA.
5. Binding alters ❌ of target genes.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

lipid

water

nucleus

Golgi apparatus

interstitium

conformational shape change

hydrolysis reaction

dimer

trimer

transcription

translation

Explanation

Question 31 of 45

1

Which of the following can control hormone secretion?

Select one or more of the following:

Change in plasma ion concentration
Change in plasma nutrient concentration
Neurotransmitter release from neurones contacting endocrine cells
Upstream hormone/paracrine agents acting on endocrine cells
Conscious effort
Repetitive limb movement
Lipolysis

Explanation

Question 32 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the anatomy of the pituitary gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

Neurosecretory cells

Optic chiasm

Median eminence

Infundibular stem

Hypophyseal portal vein

Pars tuberalis

Pars distalis

Pars nervosa

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis

Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 33 of 45

1

During the development of the pituitary gland, the outpouching of what will form the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Neuroectoderm of the diencephalon
Oropharynx ectoderm of the roof of the mouth

Explanation

Question 34 of 45

1

During the development of the pituitary gland, the outpouching of what will form the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Neuroectoderm of the diencephalon
Oropharynx ectoderm of the roof of the mouth

Explanation

Question 35 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the development of the pituitary gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Neuroectoderm

Oropharynx ectoderm

Rathke's pouch

Developing sphenoid bone

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis

Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 36 of 45

1

Which of the following are secreted by the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis?

Select one or more of the following:

ADH
Oxytocin
FSH
LH
ACTH

Explanation

Question 37 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the secretion of hormones by the posterior pituitary gland/neurohypophysis.
1. Specific neural stimuli lead to the synthesis of hormones in ❌ of ❌ nuclei.
2. The hormones are transported down the ❌ of ❌ cells.
3. The hormones are stored in ❌ in the nerve terminals.
4. The hormones are released directly into the ❌ of the posterior pituitary.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

cell bodies

hypothalamic

thalamic

cortical

axons

neuroendocrine

endocrine

paracrine

Herring bodies

pituicytes

venous blood

tissue fluid

surrounding CSF

Explanation

Question 38 of 45

1

What is the effect of ADH?

Select one of the following:

Increased water resorption in the kidney
Decreased water resorption in the kidney
Increase in uterine contractions
Stimulation of the adrenal glands

Explanation

Question 39 of 45

1

Oxytocin increases uterine contractions during birth as well as milk ejection during suckling.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 40 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the mechanism of secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis.
1. Specific neural stimuli lead to ❌ and release of ❌ hormones.
2. Hypothalamic hormones are released by ❌ cells into blood vessels at the ❌.
3. The hypothalamic hormones travel down ❌.
4. The hypothalamic hormones control release of anterior pituitary hormones.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

synthesis

hypothalamic

neuroendocrine

paracrine

autocrine

median eminence

pars tuberalis

pars distalis

portal blood vessels

axons of neuroendocrine cells

Explanation

Question 41 of 45

1

Which part of the pituitary gland receives direct supply from the hypophyseal arteries?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 42 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the vasculature of the pituitary gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Supraoptic nuclei

Paraventricular nuclei

Superior hypophyseal artery

Infundibulum

Inferior hypophyseal artery

trabecular artery

Hypophyseal veins

Endocrine cells

Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis

Explanation

Question 43 of 45

1

Which of the following are secreted by the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis?

Select one or more of the following:

LH
FSH
ACTH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Somatotropin/growth hormine
Prolactin
TSH
ADH
Oxytocin

Explanation

Question 44 of 45

1

What do the hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic hormones do?

Select one of the following:

Stimulate endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis to secrete hormones
Stimulate the release of hormones from the Herring bodies in the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Increase body temperature
Initiate reproductive behaviour

Explanation

Question 45 of 45

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the effect of hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic hormones on the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Dopamine

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

Growth-hormone releasing hormone

Somatostatin

Thyrotroph cells

Lactotroph cells

Corticotroph cells

Gonadotroph cells

Somatotroph cells

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Prolactin

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Luteinising hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Growth hormone

	Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago

University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Quiz on Hormonal Secretion, created by Charlotte Jakes on 20/04/2020.

Hormonal Secretion

Question 1 of 45

Where do endocrine cells secrete their hormones into?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 45

What is a neuroendocrine cell?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 45

What type of chemical signalling occurs when a cell targets itself?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 45

What type of chemical signalling occurs when a cell targets a neighbouring cell?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 45

What type of signalling occurs when a cell releases a signal into the blood to be carried to its distant target cell?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 45

Which of the following hormones are secreted by neurosecretory cells?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 45

Which of the following hormones are secreted by epithelial tissues?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 45

What gives a hormone a long half-life?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 45

The following questions will be about protein/peptide hormones. What must happen to preprohormones to form active prohormones?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 45

How are active protein/peptide hormones released?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 45

Are protein/peptide hormones protein-bound in circulation?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 45

Which is true of protein hormones in circulation?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 45

The following questions will be about steroid hormones. What are steroid hormones derived from?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 45

Steroid hormones are lipid soluble.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 45

Steroid hormones are stored in glands.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 45

Are steroid hormones protein-bound in circulation?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 45

Which is true of steroid hormones?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 45

The following questions will be about amine hormones. Most amine hormones are derived from...?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 45

Thyroid hormones are amine hormones.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 45

Which subtype of amine hormone is lipid-soluble?