Glossary

BILNGUAL EDUCATION: education in an English-language school system in which students with little fluency in English are taught in both their native language and English.

CHARTER SCHOOLS: A charter school is an independently run public school granted greater flexibility in its operations, in return for greater accountability for performance.

CHURH: public worship of God or a religious service in such a building:
to attend church regularly.

COGNITIVE ABILITY: Cognitive ability refers to the individual's capacity to think, reason, and problem solved. Cognitive ability is measured through tests of intelligence and cognitive skills.

COMPENSATORY EDUCATION: educational programs intended to make up for experiences (as cultural) lacked by disadvantaged children.

COOPERATIVE LEARNING is a teaching method where students of mixed levels of ability are arranged into groups and rewarded according to the group's success, rather than the success of an individual member.

CULT: a particular system of religious worship, especially with reference to its rites and ceremonies.

CULTURAL BIAS: Educational tests are considered biased if a test design, or the way results are interpreted and used, systematically disadvantages certain groups of students over others, such as students of color, students from lower-income backgrounds, and so on.

DENOMINATION:a religious group, usually including many local churches, often larger than a sect.

EDUCATION: The knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university.

EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY: In education, the term equity refers to the principle of fairness. While it is often used interchangeably with the related principle of equality, equity encompasses a wide variety of educational models, programs, and strategies that may be considered fair, but not necessarily equal.

FOR-PROFIT SCHOOLS: For-profit education (also known as the education services industry or proprietary education) refers to educational institutions operated by private, profit-seeking businesses.

FUNDAMENTALISM: the beliefs held by those in this movement.

HIDDEN CURRICULUM: refers to the unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school.

INTEGRATIVE CURRICULUM: Innovative educators concerned with improving student achievement are seeking ways to create rigorous, relevant, and engaging curriculum.

KNOWLEDGE: awareness of something : the state of being aware of something.

LATENT FUNCTIONS: Latent functions are unintentional and unrecognized outcomes to procedures a person participates in, outcomes that going to school, interacting with peers and adults, and following the rules ingrain into you without anyone really intending for it to happen.

MAGNET SCHOOLS: Magnet schools are built on the foundation of five pillars and are free public elementary and secondary schools of choice that are operated by school districts or a consortium of districts. Magnet schools have a focused theme and aligned curricula.

MANIFEST FUNCTION: functions are the consequences that people observe or expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action.

MERITOCRACY: a system in which the talented are chosen and moved ahead on the basis of their achievement.

MONOTHEISM: the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION: Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.

OPPEN CLASSROOM: a spacious instructional area shared by several groups or classes in elementary school, permitting more individualized, less supervised project learning and movement of pupils from one activity to another.

PLOYTHEISM: the doctrine of or belief in more than one god or in many gods.

PROFANE: characterized by irreverence or contempt for God or sacred principles or things; irreligious.

PROTESTANT ETHIC: a belief in and devotion to hard work, duty, thrift, self-discipline, and responsibility; also called Protestant work ethic, work ethic, Puritan ethic.

RELIGION: a specific fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a number of persons or sects.

RELIGIOSITY: the quality of being religious; piety; devoutness.

SACRED: devoted or dedicated to a deity or to some religious purpose; consecrated.

SCHOOL DESEGREGATION: make differance between students because their origin or somethig.

SCHOOLING: : teaching that is done in a school.

SECT: a group regarded as heretical or as deviating from a generally accepted religious tradition.

SECULARIZATION: to make secular; separate from religious or spiritual connection or influences; make worldly or unspiritual; imbue with secularism.

SELF- FULFILLIG PHROPHECY: Positive or negative expectations about circumstances, events, or people that may affect a persons behavior toward them in a manner that he or she (unknowingly) creates situations in which those expectations are fulfilled.

TRACKING: the assigning of students to a curricular track.

VOUCHER SYSTEM: a plan in which each school-age child receives a publicly funded entitlement worth a fixed amount of money with which his or her parents can select a participating public or private school.