On December 2, the Houston Oilers were playing the Pittsburgh Steelers. On a particular play, the Pittsburgh defensive end, who was rather frustrated because Manning, the Houston quarterback, had completed passes for 450 yards, grabbed Manning by the faceguard, jerked Manning's helmet off and hit Manning over the head with it. Manning filed suit against the Pittsburgh defensive end. The Pittsburgh defensive end contends that he has a valid defense to this tort, in that Manning consented to participate in the game. Which of the following most accurately represents the status of that defense?
Select one of the following: