cskrewson0519
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Pulmonary Pathophysiology I

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Clinical Medicine: Pulmonary Pathophysiology I

Question 1 of 31

1

The respiratory tract is composed of these types of cells:

Select one of the following:

  • columnar

  • psuedostratified

  • ciliated

  • goblet

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 2 of 31

1

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In respiration, the ( sympathetic, parasympathetic ) nervous system uses ( adrenergic, cholinergic ) neurons and ( B2, muscarinic ) receptors to dilate the airways; and the ( parasympathetic, sympathetic ) nervous system uses ( cholinergic, adrenergic ) neurons and ( muscarinic, B2 ) receptors to constrict the airways.

Explanation

Question 3 of 31

1

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( Type 1 Pneumocytes, Type 2 Pneumocytes ) in the alveoli allow for the diffusion of gases. ( Type 2 Pneumocytes, Type 1 Pneumocytes ) produce ( surfactant, macrophages, glucosamine ) to reduce surface tension. ( Alveolar macrophages, Alveolar mast cells, Aveolar goblet cells ) remove dust.

Explanation

Question 4 of 31

1

Internal and external intercostal muscles are not used for inspiration during normal quiet breathing.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 31

1

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The ( diaphragm, intercostal m. ) is the prime mover of respiration, contracting it ( enlarges the thoracic cavity, decreases the thoracic cavity ), causing ( inspiration, expiration ); whereas relaxing it causes ( expiration, inspiration ). This accounts for about ( 2/3, 1/2, 1/3 ) of airflow.

Explanation

Question 6 of 31

1

Expiration is normally passive, caused by the elastic recoil of distended alveoli.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 31

1

- volume that fills the lungs (alveoli and airways) during normal breathing (~ mL)

- max expiration after max inspiration (~ mL)

- remaining volume of air in lungs after max forced expiration (~ mL)

- the volume of air remaining in lungs after a normal expiration (~ mL)

Total Lung Capacity - (~ mL)

- forced VC after 1 sec

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    Tidal Volume
    500
    Vital Capacity
    4700
    Residual Volume
    1200
    Functional Residual Capacity
    2400
    VC + RV
    5900
    FEV1

Explanation

Question 8 of 31

1

A normal FEV1/FVC is:

Select one of the following:

  • 0.8

  • 8.0

  • 0.2

  • 2.0

  • 0.2 - 0.5

Explanation

Question 9 of 31

1

Obstructive pulmonary disease may be caused by:
(choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Excessive secretions or hypertrophy of mucous glands (e.g. chronic bronchitis)

  • Contraction, inflammation, or edema of airway wall (e.g. asthma)

  • Compression of bronchus by neoplasm

  • Destruction of lung parenchyma (e.g. emphysema)

  • Thickening of interstitium of alveolar wall

Explanation

Question 10 of 31

1

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Emphysema, caused by the breakdown in alveolar wall and loss of elasticity, will result in ( increased, decreased ) compliance.

Explanation

Question 11 of 31

1

Which of the following, while rare, may be the cause COPD (emphysema) symptoms in younger, non-smoking adults.

Select one of the following:

  • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

  • Beta-2 Adrenergic Deficiency

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Wegener's Granulomatosis

  • Goodpasture's Syndrome

Explanation

Question 12 of 31

1

COPD may cause which of the following (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

  • FVC reduction

  • FEV1 reduction

  • Increased residual volume

  • Decreased residual volume

Explanation

Question 13 of 31

1

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease is caused by:

Select one of the following:

  • Diseases of the lung parenchyma

  • Diseases of the lung pleura

  • Neuromuscular diseases

  • Diseases of the chest wall

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 14 of 31

1

Restrictive pulmonary diseases may encompass which of the following diseases/disorders: (check all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (allergic alveolitis)

  • Pleural effusion

  • Pneumothorax

  • Guillain-Barre syndrome

  • myastenia gravis

  • Scoliosis

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

  • Poliomylelitis

Explanation

Question 15 of 31

1

Which of the following may cause both restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disorders?

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary edema

  • Pneumothorax

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Pulmonary fibrosis

  • All of the above may cause both

Explanation

Question 16 of 31

1

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Restrictive pulmonary disease, causing the gradual replacement of normal lung tissue with fibrotic tissue, results in ( increased, decreased ) elastic recoil, ( decreased, increased ) lung compliance, and ( decreased, increased ) lung volumes.

Explanation

Question 17 of 31

1

Which of the following may be true regarding forced expiratory volumes in the case of restrictive lung disease?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increased FEV1/FVC

  • Decreased FEV1/FVC

  • Increased FVC

  • Decreased FVC

Explanation

Question 18 of 31

1

All lung volumes are reduced (including TLC, FRC, and RV) in restrictive lung disease, but their relative proportions to each other are more or less preserved.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 31

1

Which of the following are TRUE for Restrictive lung diseases:

Select one of the following:

  • FEV1/FVC normal or increased

  • Reduced lung compliance

  • Arterial hypoxemia (primarily due to V/Q inequality)

  • Diffusion impairment

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 20 of 31

1

Which of the following statements is/are true:

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary edema causes decreased lung compliance

  • Aging causes increased lung compliance

  • Asthma does not alter lung compliance

  • A & B only

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 21 of 31

1

Which of the following is the greatest factor influencing lung recoil?

Select one of the following:

  • the collagen and elastin fibers in the tissue of the lung

  • the surface tension forces in the fluid lining the alveoli

Explanation

Question 22 of 31

1

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Surfactant ( increases, decreases, has no affect on ) lung compliance and ( decreases, increases ) lung recoil by ( lowering, increasing ) surface tension in the alveoli.

Explanation

Question 23 of 31

1

During what week span does surfactant appear in a developing fetus?

Select one of the following:

  • Week 24-35

  • Week 35-40

  • Week 18-24

  • Week 12-18

  • Week 4-8

Explanation

Question 24 of 31

1

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Increased lung recoil (high rebound) and decreased compliance (difficult to stretch) requires ( more negative, less negative ) intrapleural pressure to inflate the lung.

Explanation

Question 25 of 31

1

When abnormally high negative interpleural pressure is required to maintain lung volumes (e.g. atelectasis) this may result in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • capillary filtration and pulmonary edema

  • capillary diffusion and increased perfusion

  • capillary rupture and hemoptysis

  • capillary regurgitation and pneumothorax

Explanation

Question 26 of 31

1

Which of the following may cause surfactant to become non-functional in maturity?
(select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Sepsis

  • Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • Gastric aspiration

  • Lecithin-Sphingomyelin syndrome

  • Pulmonary edema

Explanation

Question 27 of 31

1

In regards to the fluid dynamics of respiration, which of the following could result in increased interstitial fluid and thus pulmonary edema? (check all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Decreased plasma osmotic pressure

  • Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

  • Increased capillary permeability

  • Increased alveolar surface tension

  • Increased lymphatic drainage

Explanation

Question 28 of 31

1

Which of the following conditions may cause pulmonary edema?

Select one or more of the following:

  • loss of surfactant

  • left heart failure

  • starvation

  • diuretic drugs

  • inflammation reactions

Explanation

Question 29 of 31

1

Which of the following might be used to treat pulmonary edema?

Select one of the following:

  • Diuretic meds

  • Vasodilation meds

  • Calcium channel blockers

  • Both A & B

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 30 of 31

1

The partial pressures of ventilatory gases in the alveoli are identical to that of the systemic arterial blood.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 31

1

The ratio of ventilation (air flow) to perfusion (blood flow) need to match for maximum gas exchange.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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